Ackermann R. and Sorrell, C. (1974) Thermal expansion and the high-low transformation in quartz I. High-temperature X-Ray studies J. Appl. Crystallog. 7, 461-467

Ahmed-Zaïd, I. and Madon, M. (1995) Electron microscopy of high-pressure phases synthesised from natural garnets in a diamond anvil cell: implications for the mineralogy of the lower mantle Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 129, 233-247

Ahrens, T. and Graham, E. (1972) A shock-induced phase change in iron-silicate garnet Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 14, 87-90

Akaogi, M and Akimoto, S. (1977) Pyroxene - garnet solid solution equilibria in the systems Mg₄Si₄O₁₂ - Mg₃Al₂Si₄O₁₂ and Fe₄Si₄O₁₂ - Fe₃Al₂Si₄O₁₂ at high pressures and temperatures Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 15, 90-106

Akaogi, M., Ross, N. L., McMillan, P. and Navrotsky, A. (1984) The Mg₂SiO₄ polymorphs (olivine, modified spinel and spinel)-Thermodynamic properties from oxide melt solution calorimetry, phase relation and models of lattice vibrations Amer. Mineral. 69, 499-512

Akaogi, M., Navrotsky, A., Yagi, T. and Akimoto, S. (1987) Pyroxene-garnet transformation: thermochemistry and elasticity of garnet solid solutions and applications to a pyrolite mantle High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (Ed.. Manghnani, M. H. and Syono, Y. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 251-260

Akimoto, S. (1972) The system MgO-FeO-SiO₂ at high pressures and temperatures: Phase equilibrium and elastic properties Tectonophys. 13, 161-187

Akimoto, S. and Syono, Y. (1972) High pressure transformations in MnSiO₃ Amer. Mineral. 57, 76-84

Akimoto, S., Matsui, Y. and Syono, Y. (1976) High pressure crystal chemistry of orthosilicates and formation of the mantle transition zone Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. and Rocks (Ed.. Strens, R. J. D. Wiley, New York) 327-363

Aldebert, P. and Traverse, J. (1984) a Al₂O₃: A high-temperature thermal expansion standard High Temperature-High Pressure 16, 127-135

Allègre, C. J., Sarda, P. and Staudacher, T. (1993) Speculations about the cosmic origin of He and Ne in the interior of the Earth Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 117, 229-233

Allègre, C. J., Poirier, J-P., Humler, E. and Hofmann, A. W. (1995) The chemical composition of the Earth Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 134, 515-526

Anastasiou, P. and Seifert, F. (1972) Solid solubility of Al₂O₃ in enstatite at high temperatures and 1-5 kb water pressure Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 34, 272-287

Anderson, D. L. (1977) Composition of the mantle and core Annual Rev. Earth Planetary Sci. 5, 179-202

Anderson, D. (1981) Hotspots, basalts and the evolution of the mantle Science 213, 82-89

Anderson, D. (1982) The earth's core and phase diagram of iron Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A306, 21-35

Anderson, D. (1989) Composition of the earth Science 243, 367-370

Anderson, D. and Bass, J. (1986) Transition Region of the Earth’s Upper Mantle Nature 320, 321-328

Anderson, O. (1967) Equation for thermal expansivity in planetary interiors J. Geophys. Res. 72, 3661-3668

Anderson, O. L. and Isaak, D. G. (1995) Elastic constants of mantle minerals at high temperatures AGU Ref. 2 Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants (Ed.. Ahrens, T. J. AGU, Washington) 64-97

Anderson, O. and Masuda, K. (1994) A thermodynamic method for computing thermal expansivity, a , versus T along isobars for silicate perovskite Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 85, 227-236

Anderson, O. L., Masuda, K. and Guo, D. (1995) Pure silicate perovskite and the PREM lower mantle model: a thermodynamic analysis Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 89, 35-49

Angel, R. (1992) Order-disorder and the high-pressure P1-I1 transition in anorthite Amer. Mineral. 77, 923-929

Angel, R. J., Chopelas, A. and Ross, N. L. (1992a) Stability of high-density clinoenstatite at upper-mantle pressures Nature 358, 322-324

Angel, R. J., Ross, N. L., Wood, I. G. and Woods, P. A. (1992b) Single-crystal X-Ray diffraction at high pressures with diamond-anvil cells Phase Transitions 39, 13-32

Angus, J. and Hayman, C. (1988) Low-pressure, metastable growth of diamond and ‘diamond-like’ phases Science 241, 913-921

Arculus, R. J. and Delano, J. W. (1987) Oxidation state of the upper mantle: present conditions, evolution and controls Mantle Xenoliths (Ed.. Nixon Wiley, Chichester) 589-598

Arima, M., Nakayama, K., Akaishi, M., Yamaoka, S. and Kanda, H. (1993) Crystallisation of diamond from a silicate melt of kimberlite composition in high-pressure and high-temperature Geology 21, 968-970

Armbruster, T., Geiger, C. A. and Lager, G. A. (1992) Single crystal X-ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293K Amer. Mineral. 77, 512-521

Arndt, N. T. (1977) Ultrabasic Magmas and High-Degree Melting of the Mantle Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 64, 205-221

Azbel, I., Tolstikhin, I. N., Kramers, J. D., Pechernikova, G. V. and Vityazev, A. V. (1993) Core growth and siderophile element depletion of the mantle during homogeneous earth accretion Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 2889-2898

Babuska V., Fiala, J., Kumazawa, M. and Ohno, I. (1978) Elastic properties of garnet solid solution series Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 16, 157-176

Bachmann, P. K., Leers, D. and Lydtin, H. (1991) Towards a general concept of diamond chemical vapour deposition Diamond and Related Materials 1, 1

Bai, Q. and Kohlstedt, D. (1993) Effects of chemical environments on the solubility and incorporation mechanisms for hydrogen in olivine Phys. Chem. Mineral. 19, 460-471

Bajt, S., Sutton, S. R. and Delaney, J. S. (1994) X-ray microprobe analysis of iron oxidation-states in silicates and oxides using x-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 5209-5214

Baker, M. B., Hirschmann, M. M., Ghiorso, M. S. and Stolper, E. M. (1995) Composition of near-solidus peridotite melts from experiments and thermodynamic calculations Nature 375, 308-311

Ballhaus, C. (1993) Redox states of lithospheric and asthenospheric upper mantle Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 114, 331-348

Ballhaus, C. and Ellis, D. (1996) Mobility of core melts during Earth’s accretion Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 143, 1-4

Ballhaus, C., Berry, R. F. and Green, D. H. (1990) Oxygen fugacity controls in the earth's upper mantle Nature 348, 437-440

Ballhaus, C., Berry, R. F. and Green, D. H. (1991) High pressure experimental calibration of the olivine-orthopyroxene-spinel oxygen geobarometer: implications for the oxidation state of the upper mantle Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 107, 27-40

Bashir, N., Beckett, J., Hutcheon, I and Stolper E. (1996) Carbon in the metal of iron meteorites Abstracts of papers submitted to the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 27, 63-64

Bass, J. (1995) Elasticity of Minerals, Glasses and Melts AGU Ref. 2 Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants (Ed.. Ahrens, T. J. AGU, Washington) 45-63

Bass, J. and Kanzaki, M. (1990) Elasticity of a majorite-pyrope solid solution Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 1989-1992

Bassett, W. and Barnett, J. (1970) Isothermal compression of Stishovite and coesite up to 85 kilobars at room temperature by x-ray diffraction Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 3, 45-60

Beattie, P. (1993a) Uranium thorium disequilibria and partitioning on melting of garnet peridotite Nature 363, 63-65

Beattie, P. (1993b) On the occurrence of apparent non-Henry's Law behaviour in experimental partitioning studies Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 47-55

Bell, P. M., Yagi, T. and Mao, H. K. (1979) Iron-Magnesium distribution coefficients between spinel [(Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄], magnesiowüstite [(Mg,Fe)O] and perovskite [(Mg,Fe)SiO₃] Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book 78, 618-621

Berger, J., Berthon, J., Revcolevschi, A. and Jolles, E. (1981) Elastic constants of Fe_1-xO single crystals J. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 64, 153-154

Bibby, D. (1982) Impurities in Natural Diamond Chemistry and Physics of Carbon (Ed.. Thrower, P. A. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York) 1-91

Bickle, M. J. (1986) Implications of melting for stabilisation of the lithosphere and heat-loss in the Archean Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 80, 314-324

Binns, R., Davis, R. and Reed, S. (1969) Ringwoodite, natural (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ spinel in the Tenham meteorite Nature 221, 943-944

Birch, A. F. (1952) Elasticity and constitution of the earth’s interior J. Geophys. Res. 57, 227-286

Birch, A. F. (1961) Composition of the earth’s mantle Geophys. J. Roy. Astronom. Soc. 48, 295-311

Bishop, F., Smith, J. and Dawson, B. (1978) Na, K, P and Ti in garnet, pyroxene and olivine from peridotite and eclogite xenoliths from African kimberlites Lithos 11, 155-173

Blacic, J. D., Mathez, E. A., Maggiore, C., Mitchell, T. E. and Fogel, R. (1991) Oxygen in diamond by the nuclear microprobe: analytical technique and initial results Extended abstracts of the fifth international kimberlite conference, Brazil, (1991) CPRM, Rio de Janeiro 20-22

Blundy, J. and Wood, B. (1994) Prediction of crystal-melt partition coefficients from elastic moduli Nature 372, 452-454

Boctor, N. and Boyd, F. (1979) Distribution of rare earth elements in perovskite from kimberlites Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book 78, 372-374

Boehler, R. (1992) Melting of the Fe-FeO and the Fe-FeS systems at high pressure - constraints on core temperatures Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 111, 217-227

Boehler, R. (1993) Temperatures in the Earth's core form melting-point measurements of iron at high static pressures Nature 363, 534-536

Boehler, R., Vonbargen, N. and Chopelas, A. (1990) Melting, thermal-expansion, and phase-transitions of iron at high-pressures J. Geophys. Res. 95, 21731-21736

Bonczar, L. and Graham, E. (1982) The pressure dependence of the elastic properties of polycrystal magnesiowüstite J. Geophys. Res. 87, 1061-1078

Bonczar, L. and Graham, E. (1997) The pressure and temperature dependence of the elastic constants of pyrope garnet J. Geophys. Res. 82, 2529-2534

Bouaziz, S. and D’Arco, Ph. (1993) Pseudopotential periodic Hartree-Fock study of Mg₂SiO₄ polymorphs: olivine, modified spinel, spinel Phys. Chem. Mineral. 20, 333-340

Boyd, F. (1970) Garnet peridotites and the system CaSiO₃-MgSiO₃-Al₂O₃ Mineralogical Society of America Spec. Paper 3, 63-75

Boyd, F. R. and England, J. L. (1964) The system enstatite-pyrope Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book 63, 157-161

Boyd, F. and Finnerty, A. (1980) Conditions of origin of natural diamonds of peridotite affinity J. Geophys. Res. 85, 6911-6918

Boyd, S. and Pillinger, C. (1994) A preliminary study of ¹⁵N/¹⁴N in octahedral growth form diamonds Chem. Geol. 116, 43-59

Boyd, S., Mattey, D., Pillinger, C., Milledge, H., Mendelssohn, M. and Seal, M. (1987) Multiple growth events during diamond genesis: an integrated study of carbon and nitrogen isotopes and nitrogen aggregation state in coated stones Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 86, 341-353

Boyd, S. R., Pillinger, H. J., Milledge, H. J., Mendelssohn, M. J. and Seal, M. (1988) Fractionation of nitrogen isotopes in a synthetic diamond of mixed crystal habit Nature 331, 604-607

Boyd, S. R., Pillinger, H. J., Milledge, H. J., Mendelssohn, M. J. and Seal, M. (1992) C and N isotopic composition and the infrared absorption spectra of coated diamonds: evidence for the regional uniformity of CO₂-H₂O rich fluids in lithosphere mantle Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 109, 633-644

Boyd, S. R., Kiflawi, I. and Woods, G. S. (1994a) The relationship between infrared absorption and the A defect concentration in diamond Phil. Mag. B 69, 1149-1153

Boyd, S. R., Pineau, F. and Javoy, M. (1994b) Modelling the growth of natural diamonds Chem. Geol. 116, 29-42

Boyd, S. R., Kiflawi, I. and Woods, G. S. (1995a) Infrared absorption by the B nitrogen aggregate in diamond Phil. Mag. B 72, 351-361

Boyd, S., Rejou-Michel, A. and Javoy, M. (1995b) Improved techniques for the extraction, purification and quantification of nanomole quantities of nitrogen gas: the nitrogen content of diamond. Meas. Sci. Technol. 6, 297-305

Brey, G., Dovoslev, A. and Koganko, L. (1991) The join pyrope-knorringite: experimental constraints for a new geothermobarometer for coexisting garnet and spinel Extended abstracts of the fifth international kimberlite conference, Brazil, (1991) CPRM, Rio de Janeiro 26-28

Brovkin, A. A., Novoselov, Y. M. and Kitsul, V. I. (1975) Distribution of aluminium in the crystal structure of high-alumina hypersthene Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 223, 148-150

Brown, J. and Shankland, T. (1981) Thermodynamic parameters in the earth as determined from seismic profiles Geophys. J. Roy. Astronom. Soc. 6, 579-596

Bundy, F. P., Hall, H. T., Strong, H. M. and Wentorf, R. H. (1955) Man-made diamonds Nature 176, 51-55

Bunge, H-P., Richards, M. and Baumgardner, J. (1996) Effect of depth-dependent viscosity on the planform of mantle convection Nature 379, 436-438

Burgess, R., Turner, G. and Harris, J. W. (1992) ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar laser probe studies of clinopyroxene inclusions in eclogitic diamonds Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 389-402

Burgess, R., Turner, G. and Harris, J. W. (1997) ⁴⁰Ar³⁹Ar dating of diamonds Mineral Deposits Studies Group A. G. M. Programme with Abstracts (Eds., Hall, A. J. et al., University of Glasgow, Glasgow) 14-15

Burns, R. and Solberg, T. (1990) ⁵⁷Fe-bearing oxide, silicate and aluminosilicate minerals Spectroscopic characterisation of minerals and their surfaces (Ed. Coyne et al. American Chemical Society, Washington DC) 262-283

Burton, K. W., Matthew, K. J., Cohen, A. S. and O’Nions, R. K. (1995) The relative diffusion of Pb, Nd, Sr and O in garnet Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 133, 199-211

Cadek, O., Yuen, D., Steinbach, V., Chopelas, A. and Matayska, C. (1994) Lower mantle thermal structure deduced from seismic tomography, mineral physics and numerical modelling Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 121, 385-402

Campbell, I. H. and Griffiths, R. W. (1990) Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 99, 79-93

Campbell, I. H., Griffiths, R. W. and Hill, R. I. (1989) Melting in an Archean mantle plume: heads its basalts, tails its komatiites Nature 339, 697-699

Campbell, L. S., Henderson, P., Wall, F. and Nielsen, T. F. D. (1997) Rare earth chemistry of perovskite group minerals from the Gardiner Complex, East Greenland Mineral. Mag. 61, 197-212

Canil, D. (1990) Experimental study bearing on the absence of carbonate in mantle-derived xenoliths Geology 18, 1011-1013

Caporuscio, F. and Smyth, J. (1990) Trace element crystal chemistry of mantle eclogites Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 105, 550-561

Carlson, R.W. (1991) Physical and Chemical evidence on the cause and source characteristics of flood basalt vulcanism Austral. J. Earth Sci. 38, 525-544

Carlson, W. and Lindsley, D. (1988) Thermochemistry of pyroxenes on the join Mg₂Si₂O₆ - CaMgSi₂O₆ Amer. Mineral. 73, 242-252

Carter, R. (1959) Thermal expansion of MgFe₂O₄, FeO and Mg_0.2FeO J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 42, 324-327

Cartigny, P., Boyd, S., Harris, J. W. and Javoy, M. (1996) Nitrogen isotopic composition of diamonds from Fuxian, China J. Conf. Abs. 1, 97

Cassé, M., Lehoucq, R. and Vangioniflam, E. (1995) Production and evolution of light- elements in active star-forming regions Nature, 373, 318-319

Chang, Z. and Barsch, G. (1977) Elastic properties of oxides in the NaCl structure J. Geophys. Res. 74, 3291-3294

Chen, M., Sharp, T. G., Elgoresy, A., Wopenka, B. and Xie, X. D. (1996) The majorite-pyrope + magnesiowüstite assemblage: constraints on the history of shock veins in chondrites Science 271, 1570-1573

Chinn, I., Gurney, J. J., Milledge, H. J., Taylor, W. R. and Woods, P. A. (1995) Cathodoluminescence of CO₂-bearing and CO₂-free diamonds from the George Creek kimberlite dyke, Colorado-Wyoming State Line District Extended Abstracts of the 6th International Kimberlite Conference, UIGMM, Novosibirsk, 116-117

Chopelas A., Boehler, R. and Ko, T. (1994) Thermodynamics and behaviour of g -Mg₂SiO₄ at high pressure: Implications for Mg₂SiO₄ phase equilibrium Phys. Chem. Mineral. 21, 351-359

Chung, D. (1970) Effects of iron/magnesium ratio on P and S wave velocities in olivine J. Geophys. Res. 75, 7353-7361

Chung, D. (1974) General relationships among sound speeds: I New experimental information Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 8, 113-120

Clark, J. R., Appleman, D. E. and Papike, J. J. (1969) Crystal-chemical characterization of clinopyroxene based on eight new structure refinements Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 2, 31-50.

Clarke, L. B. and Le Bas, M. J. (1990) Magma mixing and metasomatic reaction in silicate carbonate liquids at the Kruidfontein carbonatitic volcanic complex, Transvaal Mineral. Mag. 54, 45-56

Clayton, R. N. and Mayeda, T. K. (1984) Oxygen isotopic compositions of Enstatite chondrites and Aubrites J. Geophys. Res. 89, 245-249

Clemens, J. (1993) Experimental evidence against CO₂-promoted deep crustal melting Nature 363, 336-338

Cohen, R., E. (1987) Elasticity and equation of state MgSiO₃ perovskite Geophys. Res. Lett. 14, 1053-1056

Cohen, R. (1991) Bonding and elasticity of stishovite SiO₂ at high pressure: Linearised augmented plane wave calculations Amer. Mineral. 76, 733-742

Comodi, P., Princivalle, F., Tirone, M. and Zanazzi, P. F. (1995) Comparative compressibility of clinopyroxenes from mantle nodules Eur. J. Mineral. 7, 141-149

Cordier, P., Liebermann, R. C., Raterron, P. and Wang, Y. (1996) T.E.M. study of silicate garnet deformed in a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus EMPG-VI Abs. Suppl. 1 to TERRA Nova 8, 14

Craig, H. (1957) Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 12, 133-149

Creager, K., C. and Jordan, T., H. (1984) Slab penetration into the lower mantle J. Geophys. Res. 89, 3031-3049

Cynn, H., Isaak, D. G., Cohen, R. E., Nicol, M. F. and Anderson, O. L. (1990) A high-pressure phase transition of corundum predicted by the potential induced breathing model Amer. Mineral. 75, 439-442

D'Amour, H., Schiferl, D., Denner, W., Schultz, H. and Holzapfel, W. B. (1978) High pressure single-crystal structure determinations for ruby up to 90 kbar using an automatic diffractometer J. Appl. Phys. 49, 4411-4416

D'Arco P., Silvi, B., Roetti, C. and Orlndo, R. (1991) Comparative study of spinel compounds: a pseudopotential periodic Hartree-Fock calculation of Mg₂SiO₄, Mg₂GeO₄, Al₂MgO₄, Ga₂MgO₄ J. Geophys. Res. 96, 6107-6112

D’Arco, Ph., Sandrone, G., Dovesi, R., Aprà, E. and Saunders, V. R. (1993) A quantum mechanical study of the perovskite structure type of MgSiO₃ Phys. Chem. Mineral. 20, 407-414

D'Arco, Ph, Sandrone, G., Aprà, E. and Saunders, V. R. (1994) A quantum-mechanical study of the relative stability under pressure of MgSiO₃-ilmenite, MgSiO₃-perovskite and MgO-periclase + SiO₂-stishovite assemblage Phys. Chem. Mineral. 21, 285-293

Dalton, J. and Wood, B. (1993) The partitioning of Fe and Mg between olivine and carbonate and the stability of carbonate under mantle conditions Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 114, 501-509

Dalton, J. and Wood, B. (1995) The stability of carbonate under upper-mantle conditions as a function of temperature and oxygen fugacity Eur. J. Mineral. 7, 883-891

Daniels, L. R. M. (1991) Diamonds and related minerals from the Dokolwayo kimberlite, Swaziland Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cape Town

Daniels, L. R. M. and Gurney, J. J. (1991) Oxygen fugacity constraints on the southern African lithosphere Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 108, 154-161

Daniels, L. R. M., Richardson, S. H., Menzies, A. H., de Bruin, D. and Gurney, J. J. (1995) Diamondiferous garnet macrocrysts in the Newlands kimberlite, South Africa - Rosetta stones from the Kaapvaal craton keel Extended Abstracts of the 6th International Kimberlite Conference, UIGMM, Novosibirsk, 121-123

Daniels, L. R. M., Gurney, J. J. and Harte, B. (1996) A crustal mineral in a mantle diamond Nature 379, 153-156

Davies, G. (1976) The A nitrogen aggregate in diamond - its symmetry and possible structure J. Phys. C9, L537-L542

Davies, G. (1979) Cathodoluminescence The properties of diamond (Ed.. Field, J. E. Academic Press, London) 165-181

Davies, G. and Richards, M (1992) Mantle Convection J. Geol. 100, 151-206

Davies, G., Nixon, P., Pearson, D. and Obata, M. (1993) Tectonic implications of graphitised diamonds from the Ronda peridotite massif, southern Spain Geology 21, 471-474

Davy, H. (1814) Some experiments on the combustion of the diamond and other carbonaceous substances Phil. Trans. 104, 557-570

Dawson, J. B. (1980) Kimberlites and their xenoliths Springer-Verlag, Berlin

De Vita, A., Galli, G., Canning, A. and Car, R. (1996) A microscopic model for surface-induced diamond to graphite transitions Nature 379, 523-526

De Vries, R. C. (1975) Plastic deformation and "work hardening" of diamond Materials Res. Bull. 10, 1193-1200

Deer, W., Howie, R. and Zussman, J. (1983) An introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals Longman, Harlow

Deines, P. (1980) The carbon isotopic composition of diamonds: relationships to diamond shape, colour, occurrence and vapour composition Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44, 943-961

Deines, P. and Harris, J. W. (1995) Sulfide inclusion chemistry and carbon isotopes of African diamonds Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 3173-3188

Deines, P. and Wickman, F. (1973) The isotopic composition of 'graphitic' carbon from iron meteorites and some remarks on the troilitic sulfur of iron meteorites Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37, 1295-1319

Deines, P. and Wickman, F. (1975) A contribution to the stable carbon isotope geochemistry of iron meteorites Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 39, 547-557

Deines, P., Gurney, J. J. and Harris, J. W. (1984) Associated chemical and carbon isotopic composition variations in diamonds from Finsch and Premier kimberlites, South Africa Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 325-342

Deines, P., Harris, J. W. and Gurney, J. J. (1987) Carbon isotopic composition, nitrogen content and inclusion composition of diamonds from the Roberts Victor kimberlite, South Africa: evidence for ¹³C depletion in the mantle Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1227-1243

Deines, P., Harris, J., Spear, P. and Gurney, J. (1989) Nitrogen and ¹³C content of Finsch and Premier diamonds and their implications Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 1367-1378

Deines, P., Harris, J. W. and Gurney, J. J. (1991) The carbon isotopic composition and nitrogen content of lithospheric and asthenospheric diamonds from the Jagersfontein and Koffiefontein kimberlite, South Africa Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 2615-2625

Deines, P. D., Harris, J. W. and Gurney, J. J. (1993) Depth-related carbon isotope and nitrogen concentration variability in the mantle below the Orapa kimberlite, Botswana, Africa Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 2781-2796

Ding, X-Y and Grand, S. (1994) Seismic structure of the deep Kurile subduction zone J. Geophys. Res. 99, 23767-23786

Downes, H. (1990) Shear zones in the upper mantle - relation between geochemical enrichment and deformation in mantle peridotites Geology 18, 374-377

Downs, R. T., Bartelmehs, K. B., Gibbs, G. V. and Boisen, M. B. Jr. (1993) Interactive Software for Calculating and Displaying X-Ray or Neutron Powder Diffraction Patterns of Crystalline Materials Amer. Mineral. 78, 1104-1107

Dowty, E. and Lindlsey, D. H. (1973) Mössbauer spectral study of synthetic hedenbergite - ferosilite pyroxenes Amer. Mineral. 71, 955-965

Duba, A. (1992) Earth's core not so hot Nature 359, 197-198

Duba, A. (1994a) Comment on change of electrical conductivity of olivine associated with the olivine-spinel transformation Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 82, 75-77

Duba, A. (1994b) Iron - What is melt? High Pressure Science and Technology-1993 (Eds. Schmidt, S. C. et al., AIP Press, New York) 923-926

Duba, A. and Vondergönna, J. (1994) Comment on change of electrical-conductivity of olivine associated with the olivine spinel transition Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 82, 75-77

Duba, A. and Wanamaker, B. (1994) DAC measurement of perovskite conductivity and implications for the distribution of mineral phases in the lower mantle Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 1643-1646

Duffy, T. and Anderson, D. (1989) Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle J. Geophys. Res. 94, 1895-1912

Duffy, T. S., Zha, C-s., Downs, R. T., Mao, H-k. and Hemley, R. J. (1995) Elasticity of forsterite to 16 GPa and the composition of the upper mantle Nature 378, 170-173

Dumas, J. and Stas, J. (1840) Recherches sur le véritable poids atomique du carbone Comptes Rendus Paris 11, 991-1020

Duncan, R. A. and Richards, M. A. (1991) Hotspots, mantle plumes, flood basalts and true polar wander Rev. Geophys. 29, 31-50

Dupré, B. and Allègre, C. J. (1980) Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic correlation and the chemistry of the North Atlantic mantle Nature 286, 17-22

Dziewonski, A. M. and Anderson, D. L. (1981) Prelimenary reference earth model Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 25, 297-356

Dziewonski, A. M., Hales, A. L. and Lapwood, E. R. (1975) Parametrically simple Earth models consistent with geophysical data Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 10, 12-48

Eggler, D. H. (1987) Solubility of major and trace elements in mantle metasomatic fluids: experimental constraints Mantle Metasomatism (Eds. Menzies, M. A. and Hawkesworth, C. J. Academic Press, London) 21-41

Eggler, D. H. (1989) Kimberlites: how do they form? Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 2 (Eds. Ross, J. et al., Blackwell Science Publications, Carlton) 489-504

Eggler, D. and Lorand, P. (1994) Sulfides, diamonds and mantle fO₂ Proceedings of the fifth international kimberlite conference, Brazil: Diamonds: Characterisation, Genesis and Exploration (Volume 2) CPRM, Rio de Janeiro 160-169

Eggler, D. H., Lorand, J. P. and Meyer, H. O. A. (1991) Sulphides, diamonds, mantle fO₂ and recycling Extended abstracts of the fifth international kimberlite conference, Brazil, (1991) CPRM, Rio de Janeiro 88-91

Eldridge, C. S., Compston, W., Williams, I. S., Harris, J. W. and Bristow, J. W. (1991) Isotope evidence for the involvement of recycled sediments in diamond formation Nature 353, 649-653

Ellam, R. M. (1992) Lithospheric thickness as a control on basalt geochemistry Geology 20, 153-156

Ellam, R. N. and Cox, K. G. (1989) A Proterozoic lithospheric source for Karoo magmatism; evidence from the Nuanetsi picrites Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 92, 207-218

Ellis, D. and Green D. (1979) An experimental study of the effect of Ca upon garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg exchange equilibria Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 71, 13-22

Ellsworth, K. and Schubert, G. (1988) Numerical models of thermally and mechanically coupled two-layer convection in highly viscous fluids Geophys. J. Int. 93, 347-363

Elsasser, W. M., Olson, P. and Marsh, B. D. (1979) The depth of mantle convection J. Geophys. Res. 84, 147-155

England, P. and Houseman, G. (1984) On the geodynamic setting of kimberlite genesis Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 67, 109-122

England, P. and Jackson, J. (1987) Migration of the seismic - aseismic transition during uniform and nonuniform extension of the continental lithosphere Geology 15, 291-294

Evans, T. (1976) Diamonds Contemporary Phys. 17, 45-70

Evans, T. and Harris, J. W. (1989) Nitrogen aggregation, inclusion equilibrium temperatures and the age of diamonds Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 2 (Eds. Ross, J. et al., Blackwell Science Publications, Carlton) 1001-1006

Evans, T. and Phaal, C. (1962) Imperfections in Type I and Type II diamonds Proc. Roy. Soc. London A270, 538-552

Evans, T. and Wild, R. K. (1965) Plastic bending in diamond plates Phil. Mag. 12, 479-489

Farber, D. L., Williams, Q. and Ryerson, F. J. (1994) Diffusion in Mg₂SiO₄ polymorphs and chemical heterogeneity in the mantle transition zone Nature 371, 693-695

Farges, F., Guyot, F., Andrault, D. and Wang, Y. (1994) Local structure around Fe in Mg_0.9Fe_0.1SiO₃ perovskite: An X-Ray absorption spectroscopy study at Fe-K edge Eur. J. Mineral. 6, 303-312

Farquar, J. and Chacko, T. (1994) Exsolution-enhanced oxygen exchange: implications for oxygen isotope closure temperatures in minerals Geology 22, 751-754

Fei, Y. and Mao, H-k. (1994) In-situ determination of the NiAs phase of FeO at high pressure and temperature Science 266, 1678-1680

Fei, Y. and Saxena, S. (1986) A thermochemical database for phase equilibria in the system Fe-Mg-Si-O at high-pressure and temperature Phys. Chem. Mineral. 13, 311-324

Fei, Y., Saxena, S. K. and Navrotsky, A. (1990) Internally consistent thermodynamic data and equilibrium phase relations in the system MgO-SiO₂ at high pressure and temperature J. Geophys. Res. 95, 6915-6928

Fei, Y., Mao, H-K. and Mysen, B. O. (1991) Experimental determination of element partitioning and calculation of phase relations in the MgO-FeO-SiO₂ system at high pressure and high temperature J. Geophys. Res. 96, B2, 2157-2169

Fei, Y., Mao, H-K., Shu, J. and Hu, J. (1992) P-V-T Equation of state of magnesiowüstite (Mg_0.6Fe_0.4)O Phys. Chem. Mineral. 18, 416-422

Fei, Y., Virgo, D., Mysen, B. O., Wang, Y. and Mao, H. K. (1994) Temperature-dependent electron delocalisation on (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ perovskite Amer. Mineral. 79, 826-837

Field, J. (1979) Strength and fracture properties of diamond Properties of Diamond (Ed.. Field, Academic Press, London) 281-324

Field, S. and Haggerty, S. (1994) Symplectites in upper mantle peridotites: development and implications for the growth of subsolidus garnet, pyroxene and spinel Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 118, 138-156

Finger, L. W., Hazen, R. M., Zhang, J., Ko, J. and Navrotsky, A. (1993) The effect of Fe on the crystal structure of wadsleyite b -(Mg_1-xFe_x)SiO₄, 0.00£ x£ 0.4 Phys. Chem. Mineral. 20,361-368

Finnerty, A. and Boyd, F. (1987) Thermobarometry from garnet peridotites: basis for the determination of thermal and compositional structure of the upper mantle Mantle Xenoliths (Ed.. Nixon Wiley, Chichester) 381-402

Fipke, C. E., Dummett, H. T., Moore, R. O., Carlson, J. A., Ashley, R. M., Gurney, J. J. and Kirkley, M. B. (1995) History of the discovery of diamondiferous kimberlites in the Northwest Territories, Canada Extended Abstracts of the 6th International Kimberlite Conference, UIGMM, Novosibirsk, 158-160

Fitton, J. G. and James, D. (1986) Basic volcanism associated with intraplate linear features Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A317, 253-266

Foster, P. and Welch, A. (1956) Metal oxide solutions: I. Lattice constants and phase relations in ferrous oxide (wüstite) and in solid solutions of ferrous oxide and manganous oxide Trans. Faraday Soc. 52, 1626-1634

Frenklach, M., Skokov, S. and Weiner, B. (1994) An atomistic model for stepped diamond growth Nature 372, 535-537

Friedman, I. and O’Neill, J. R. (1977) Compilation of the stable isotope formation factors of geochemical interest Data of Geochemistry Sixth Edition (Ed.. Fleischer, M. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper) 440

Frisillo, A. and Barsch, G. (1972) Measurement of single-crystal elastic constants of bronzite as a function of pressure and temperature J. Geophys. Res. 77, 6360-6384

Frondel, C. and Marvin, U. (1967) Londsdaleite, a hexagonal polymorph of diamond Nature 214, 587-589

Frost, D. J. and Wood, B. (1997) Experimental measurements of the fugacity of CO₂ and graphite/diamond stability from 35 to 77 kbar at 925 - 1650ºC Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 1565-1574

Fujino, K., Sasaki, S., Takeuchi, Y. and Sadanaga, R. (1981) X-Ray determination of electron distributions in forsterite, fayalite and tephroite Acta Crystallog. B37, 513-518

Fujino, K., Momoi, H., Sawamoto, H. and Kumazawa, M. (1986) Crystal structure and chemistry of MnSiO₃ tetragonal garnet Amer. Mineral. 71, 781-785

Fukunaga, K., Matsuda, J., Nagao, K., Miyamoto, M and Ito, K. (1987) Noble gas enrichment in vapour-growth diamonds and the origin of diamonds in ureilites Nature 328, 141-143

Funamori, N., Yagi, T., Utsumi, W., Kondo, T. and Uchida, T. (1996) Thermoelastic properties of MgSiO₃ perovskite determined by in-situ X-Ray observations up to 30 GPa and 2000 K J. Geophys. Res. 101, 8257-8269

Fung, A. and Haggerty, S. (1995) Petrography and mineral compositions of eclogites from the Koidu kimberlite complex, Sierra Leone J. Geophys. Res. 100 B10, 20451-20473

Gandolfi, G. (1967) Discussion upon methods to obtain x-ray ‘powder patterns’ from a single crystal Miner. Petrogr. Acta 13, 67-74

Garzanti, E. (1993) Himalayan ironstones, "superplumes," and the breakup of Gondwana Geology 21, 105-108

Gasparik, T. (1989) Transformation of enstatite-diopside-jadeite pyroxenes to garnet Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 102, 389-405

Gasparik, T. (1990) Phase relations in the transition zone J. Geophys. Res. 95 B10, 15751-15769

Gasparik, T. and Drake, M. (1995) Partitioning of elements among two silicate perovskites, superphase B and volatile-bearing melt at 23 GPa and 1500-1600°C Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 134, 307-318

Gasparik, T., Wolf, K. and Smith, C. M. (1994) Experimental determination of phase relations in the CaSiO₃ system from 8 to 15 GPa Amer. Mineral. 79, 1219-1222

Gautron, L. and Madon, M. (1994) A study of the stability of anorthite in the PT conditions of earth's transition zone Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 125, 281-291

Giardini, A. A. and Tydings, J. E. (1962) Diamond synthesis: observations on the mechanism of formation Amer. Mineral. 47, 1393-1421

Girnis, A. V., Brey, G. P. and Ryabchikov, I. D. (1995) Origin of group 1A kimberlites: Fluid-saturated melting experiments at 45-55 kbar Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 134, 283-296

Gong, Z., Cohen, R. E. and Boyer, L. L. (1991) Molecular dynamics simulations of melting of MgO at high pressures Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book, 90, 129-134

Goresy, A., Zinner, E. and Martl, K. (1995) Survival of isotopically heterogeneous graphite in a differentiated meteorite Nature 373, 496-499

Goto, T., Anderson, O. L., Ohno, I. and Yamamoto, S. (1989) Elastic constants of corundum up to 1825K, single crystal aluminium oxide J. Geophys. Res. 94, 7588-7602

Graham, E. and Ahrens, T. (1973) Shock wave compression of iron-silicate garnet J. Geophys. Res. 78, 375-392

Graham, E. and Barsch, G. (1969) Elastic constants of single crystal forsterite as a function of temperature and pressure J. Geophys. Res. 74, 5949-5960

Graham E. K., Schwab, J. A., Sopkin, S. M. and Takei, H. (1988) The pressure and temperature dependence of the elastic properties of single crystal fayalite Fe₂SiO₄ Phys. Chem. Mineral. 16, 186-198

Grand, S. (1994) Mantle shear structure beneath the Americas and surrounding oceans J. Geophys. Res. 99, 11591-11621

Green, D., Hibberson, W., and Jaques, A. (1979) Petrogenesis of mid-ocean ridge basalts The Earth: its origin, structure and evolution (Ed. McElhinny Academic Press, London) 265-299

Green, H. II and Gueguen, Y. (1974) Origin of kimberlite pipes by diapiric upwelling in the upper mantle Nature 249, 617-620

Green, T. (1996) Experimental versus natural two-mineral partition coefficients - a 'high-tech' controversy J. Conf. Abs. 1, 213

Griffen, D. T., Hatch, D. M., Phillips, W. R. and Kulaksiz, S. (1992) Crystal chemistry and symmetry of a birefringent tetragonal pyralspite₇₅-grandite₂₅ garnet Amer. Mineral. 77, 399-406

Griffin, W., Jaques, A., Sie, S., Ryan, C., Cousens, D. and Suter, G. (1988) Conditions of diamond growth: a proton microprobe study of inclusions in West Australia diamonds Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 99, 143-158

Griffin, W. L., Gurney, J. J. and Ryan, C. G. (1992) Variation in trapping temperatures and trace elements in peridotite-suite inclusions from African diamonds: evidence for two inclusion suites and implications for lithosphere stratigraphy Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 110, 1-15

Griffiths, R.W., Gurnis, M. and Eitelberg, G. (1989) Holographic measurements of surface topography on laboratory models of mantle hotspots Geophys. J. 96, 477-495

Gromet, P., Dymek, R., Haskine, L. and Korotev, L. (1984) The ‘North American Shale composite’: Its compilation, major and trace element characteristics Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 2469-2482

Grover, R., Getting, I. C. and Kennedy, G. C. (1973) Simple compressibility relation for solids Phys. Rev. B Cond. Matter 7, 567

Gundmundsson, G. and Wood, B. (1995) Experimental tests of garnet peridotite oxygen barometry Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 119, 56-67

Gurney, J. J. (1984) A correlation between garnets and diamonds in kimberlite Kimberlite Occurrence and Origin (Eds. Glover and Harris, P. G., Publication No. 8, University of Western Australia, Perth) 143-166

Gurney, J. J. (1989) Diamonds Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 2 (Eds. Ross, J. et al., Blackwell Science Publications, Carlton) 935-965

Gurney, J. J. (1990) The diamondiferous roots of our wandering continent S. Afr. J. Geol. 93, 423-437

Gurney, J. J., Harris, J. W. and Rickard, R. S. (1984) Silicate and oxide inclusions in diamonds from the Orapa Mine, Botswana Kimberlites II, The mantle and crust-mantle relationships (Ed.. Kornprobst, J., Elsevier, Amsterdam) 3-9

Guyot, F., Madon, M., Peyronneau, J. and Poirier, J P. (1988) X-ray microanalysis of high pressure / high temperature phases synthesised from natural olivine in a diamond anvil cell Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90, 52-64

Gwanmesia, G. D., Ridgen, S., Jackson, I. and Liebermann, R.(1990) Pressure dependence of elastic wave velocity for b -Mg₂SiO₄ and the composition of the earth's mantle Science 250, 794-797

Hager, B. H. and Richards, M. A. (1989) Long wave-length variations in earth’s geoid - physical models and dynamical implications Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A328, 309-327

Haggerty, S. (1976) Opaque mineral oxides in terrestrial igneous rocks Oxide Minerals (Ed.. Rumble III Mineralogical Society of America Southern Publishing Company, Blacksburg) 101, 300

Haggerty, S. (1986) Diamond genesis in a multi-constrained model Nature 320, 34-38

Haggerty, S. (1990) Redox state of the continental lithosphere Continental Mantle (Ed.. Menzies Clarendon Press, Oxford) 87-109

Haggerty, S. (1994) Superkimberlites: a geodynamic window to the earth's core Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 122, 57-69

Haggerty, S. and Sautter, V. (1990) Ultradeep (Greater than 300 kilometres), ultramafic upper mantle xenoliths Science 248, 993-996

Haggerty, S. E., Fung, A. T. and Burt, D. M. (1994) Apatite, phosphorus and titanium in eclogitic garnet from the upper mantle Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 1699-1702

Hamilton, W. B. (1993) Evolution of Archean mantle and crust The Geology of North America v.C-2 Precambrian: Coterminous U.S. (Eds. Reed Jr. et al., Geol. Soc. Amer., Boulder) 597-614

Harmon, R. S. (1987) ¹⁸O/¹⁶O Ratios in anhydrous spinel lherzolite xenoliths from the Shavaryn-Tasman volcano, Mongolia Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 81, 193-202

Harris, J. W. (1992) Diamond Geology The properties of natural and synthetic diamond (Ed. Field, Academic Press, London) 325-393

Harris, J. W. and Gurney, J. (1979) Inclusions in diamond Properties of diamond (Ed.. Field, Academic Press, London) 555-594

Harris, J. W., Milledge, H. J., Barron, T. H. K. and Munn, R. W. (1970) Thermal expansion of garnets included in diamond J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5775-5794

Harris, P. G. and Middlemost, E. A. K. (1969) The evolution of kimberlites Lithos 3, 77-88

Harry, D. L. and Sawyer, D. S. (1992) Basaltic volcanism, mantle plumes, and the mechanisms of rifting: The Paraná flood basalt province of South America Geology 20, 207-210

Hart R., Damarupurshad, A., Sellschopp, J., Meyer, H., McCallum, M. and Koeberi, C. (1993) The trace element analysis of single diamond crystal by neutron activation analysis Extended Abs EUG (1993), 163-166

Hart, S. and Zindler, A. (1988) Constraints on the nature and development of chemical heterogeneities in the mantle Mantle convection: plate tectonics and global dynamics (Ed.. Peltier, W. R., Gordon and Bread Science Publishers, London) 262-387

Harte, B. (1992) Trace element characteristics of deep-seated eclogitic parageneses - an ion microprobe study of inclusions in diamonds V. M. Goldschmidt Conference: Programme and Abstracts (The Geochemical Society, U.S.A.) A-48

Harte, B. and Harris, J. W. (1993), Lower mantle inclusions from diamonds Terra Nova 5 Abstract Supplement 1, 101

Harte, B. and Harris, J. (1994) Lower mantle mineral associations preserved in diamonds Mineral. Mag. 58A, 384-385

Harte, B. and Hawkesworth, C. (1987) Mantle domains and mantle xenoliths Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 2 (Eds. Ross, J. et al., Blackwell Science Publications, Carlton) 649-683

Harte, B. and Kirkley, M. B. (1997) Partitioning of trace elements between clinopyroxene and garnet: data from mantle eclogites Chem. Geol. 136, 1-24

Harte, B. and Otter, M. (1992) Carbon isotope measurements on diamonds Chem. Geol. 101, 177-183

Harte, B., Gurney, J. J. and Harris, J. W. (1980) The formation of peridotitic suite inclusions in diamond Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 72, 181-190

Harte, B., Mathews, B., Winterburn, P. and Gurney, J. (1991) Aspects of melt composition, crystallisation, metasomatism and distribution shown by mantle xenoliths from the Matsoku kimberlite pipe Extended abstracts of the fifth international kimberlite conference, Brazil, (1991) CPRM, Rio de Janeiro 167-169

Harte, B., Hutchison, M. T. and Harris, J. W. (1994) Trace element characteristics of the lower mantle: an ion probe study of inclusions in diamonds from São Luiz, Brazil Mineral. Mag. 58A, 386-387

Harte, B., Fitzsimons, I. C. W. and Kinny, P. D. (1996a) Clinopyroxene-garnet trace element partition coefficients for mantle peridotite and melt assemblages J. Conf. Abs. 1, 235

Harte, B., Harris, J. W. and Hutchison, M. T. (1996b) Mineral associations in diamonds from across the mantle transition zone Advanced Materials '96: New trends in High Pressure Research (National Institute for High Pressure Research in Inorganic Materials, Tsukuba) 81-86

Hauri, E. H., Zhang, J., Herzberg, C. and Fei, Y. (1996) Trace element partitioning at high pressures: New ion probe results and implications for differentiation of a terrestrial magma ocean J. Conf. Abs. 1, 241

Hawkins, J. W., Bloomer, S. H., Evans, C. A. and Melchoir, J. T. (1983) Evolution of intra-oceanic arc-trench systems Tectonophys. 102, 175-205

Hawthorne, F. C. (1988) Mössbauer Spectroscopy Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology (Ed. Hawthorne, F. C. Mineral. Soc. Amer., Washington) 255-340

Hazen, R. (1976a) Effect of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite Amer. Mineral. 61, 1280-1293

Hazen, R. (1976b) Effects of temperature and pressure on the cell dimension and X-Ray temperature factors of periclase Amer. Mineral. 61, 266-271

Hazen, R. and Finger, L. (1978) Crystal structure and compressibilities of pyrope and grossular to 60kbar Amer. Mineral. 63, 297-303

Hazen, R. M., Downs, R. T., Finger, L., Conrad, P. G. and Gasparik, T. (1994) Crystal chemistry of Ca-bearing majorite Amer. Mineral. 79, 581-584

Hearman, R. (1979) The elastic constants of crystal and other anisotropic material Landolt-Börnstein Tables III/11 (Ed.. Hellwege and Hellwege Springer-Verlag, Berlin) 1-244

Hearman, R. (1984) The elastic constants of crystal and other anisotropic material Landolt-Börnstein Tables III/18 (Eds. Hellwege and Hellwege, Springer-Verlag, Berlin) 1-154

Heinz, D. and Jeanloz, R. (1987) Measurement of the melting curve of Mg_0.9Fe_0.1SiO₃ at lower mantle conditions and its geophysical implications J. Geophys. Res. 92, B11, 11437-11444

Hemley, R. J., Jackson, M. D. and Gordon, R. G. (1987) Theoretical study of the structure, lattice dynamics and equation of state of perovskite-type MgSiO₃ and CaSiO₃ Phys. Chem. Mineral. 14, 2-12

Hemley, R J., Strixude, L., Fei, Y. and Mao, H. K. (1992) Constraints on lower mantle composition from P, V, T measurements of (Fe,Mg)SiO₃-perovskite and (Fe,Mg)O High pressure research: Application to Earth and Planetary sciences (Eds. Syono, Y. and Manghnani, M. H., Terra Scientific, Tokyo) 183-189

Hentschel, B. (1970) Stoichiometric FeO as metastable intermediate of decomposition of wüstite at 225°C Z. Naturforsch 25a, 1996-1997

Hervig, R. L., Smith, J. V., Steele, I. M., Gurney, J. J., Meyer, H. O. A. and Harris, J. W. (1980) Diamonds: Minor elements in silicate inclusions: Pressure-Temperature implications J. Geophys. Res. 85 B12, 6919-6929

Hervig, R., Smith, J. and Dawson, B. (1986) Lherzolite xenoliths in kimberlites and basalts: petrogenetic and crystallochemical significance of some minor and trace elements in olivine, pyroxenes, garnet and spinel Trans. Roy. Soc., Edinburgh: Earth Sci. 77, 181-201

Herzberg, C. (1984) Chemical stratification in the silicate earth Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 67, 249-260

Herzberg, C. and Zhang, J. (1996) Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1: Compositions of magmas in the upper mantle and transition zone J. Geophys. Res. 101, 8271-8295

Hildebrand, P. R. and Gurney, J. J. (1995) Lithosphere evolution in rifted, craton and mobile belt environments from Zimbabwe and implications for diamond prospectivity Extended Abstracts of the 6th International Kimberlite Conference, UIGMM, Novosibirsk, 236-238

Hill, R. I. (1991) Starting plumes and continental break-up Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 104, 398-416

Hill, S. (1989) A study of diamonds from the Star kimberlite, Orange Free State, South Africa Unpublished M. S. Thesis, University of Cape Town

Hirsch, P. B., Hutchison, J. L. and Titmarsh, J. (1986) Voidites in diamond Evidence for a crystalline phase containing nitrogen Phil. Mag. A 54, L49-L54

Hoal, B., Hoal, K., Boyd, F. and Pearson D. G. (1995) Tectonic settings and mantle composition inferred from peridotitic xenoliths, Gibeon kimberlite field, Namibia Extended Abstracts of the 6th International Kimberlite Conference, UIGMM, Novosibirsk, 239-241

Hoal, K., Hoal, B., Erlank, A. J. and Shimizu, N. (1994) Metasomatism of the mantle lithosphere recorded by rare earth elements in garnets Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 126, 303-313

Hoernle, K., Zhang, Y-S. and Graham, D. (1995) Seismic and geochemical evidence for large-scale mantle upwelling beneath the eastern Atlantic and western and central Europe Nature 374, 34-39

Höfer, H. E., Schulz-Dobrik, B., Brey, G. and Oberhänsli (1993) The determination of the oxidation state of iron by electron microprobe analysis Abs. Suppl. 1 to TERRA Nova 5, 508

Höfer, H. E., Brey, G. P., Schulz-Dobrick, B. and Oberhänsli, R. (1994), The determination of oxidation state of iron by the electron microprobe Eur J. Min. 6, 407-418

Hofmann, A. (1997) Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic volcanism Nature 385, 219-229

Hofmann, A. W. and White, W. N. (1982) Mantle plumes from ancient oceanic-crust Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 57, 421

Hofmann, A. W., Jochum, K. P., Seufert, M. and White, W. M. (1986) Nd and Pb in oceanic basalts: new constraints on mantle evolution Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 79, 33-45

Holland, T. and Powell, R. (1990) An enlarged and updated internally consistent thermodynamic dataset with uncertainties and correlations: The system K₂O-Na₂O-CaO-MgO-MnO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-Al₂O₃-TiO₂-SiO₂-C-H₂-O₂ Journal of Metamorphic Geology 8, 89-124

Honda, M., McDougall, I., Patterson, D. B., Doulgeris, A. and Clague, D. A. (1993) Noble gases in submarine pillow basalt glasses from Loihi and Killauea, Hawaii: A solar component in the earth Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 859-874

Horiuchi, H., Hirano, M., Ito, E. and Matsui, Y. (1982) MgSiO₃ (ilmenite-type): Single crystal X-Ray diffraction study Amer. Mineral. 67, 788-793

Horiuchi, H., Ito, E. and Weidner, D. J. (1987) Perovskite-type MgSiO₃: Single crystal X-Ray diffraction study Amer. Mineral. 72, 357-360

Hough, R., Gilmour, I., Pillinger, C., Arden, J., Gilkes, K., Yuan, J. and Milledge, H. (1995) Diamond and silicon carbide in impact melt rock from the Reis impact crater Nature 378, 41-44

Hugh-Jones, D. and Angel, R. (1994) A compressional study of MgSiO₃ orthoenstatite up to 8.5 GPa Amer. Mineral. 79, 405-410

Hurley, P. M., Leo, G. W., White, R. W. and Fairbairn, H. W. (1971) Liberian Age Province (about 2,700 m. y.) and adjacent provinces in Liberia and Sierra Leone Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 82, 3483-3490

Huss, G. and Lewis, R. (1995) Presolar diamond, SiC and graphite in primitive chondrites: abundances as a function of meteorite class and petrographic type Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 115-160

Hutchison, M. T., Harte, B., Harris, J. W. and Fitsimons, I. (1995a) Inferences on the exhumation history of lower mantle inclusions in diamonds Extended Abstracts of the 6th International Kimberlite Conference, UIGMM, Novosibirsk, 242-244

Hutchison, M., Harte, B., Moore, R. and Gurney, J. (1995b) A REE study of Megacrysts from the Monastery Diatreme Terra Abs. Suppl. 1 to Terra Nova 7, 334

Hutchison, M. T., Harris, J. W. and Harte, B. (1997) Deep diamonds and inferences on the role of aluminium in the transition zone and lower mantle Abstracts of the AGM Mineral Deposits Studies Group (Eds., Hall, et al., University of Glasgow, Glasgow) 34-35

Hynes, A., Francis, D. and Legault, F. (1994) Basalt petrochemistry as a probe of crustal thickness in the Hudson Bay Arc, Quebec Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 127, 11-24

Iidaka, T. and Suetsugu, D. (1992) Seismological evidence for metastable olivine inside a subducting slab Nature 356, 593-595

Ireland, T. R., Rudnick, R. L. and Spetsius, Z. (1994) Trace elements in diamond inclusions from eclogites reveal link to Archean granites Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 128, 199-213

Irifune, T. (1994) Absence of an aluminous phase in the upper part of the earth's lower mantle Nature 370, 131-133

Irifune, T. and Ringwood, A. E. (1987) Phase transformations in primitive MORB and pyrolite compositions to 25 GPa and some geophysical implications High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (Ed.. Manghnani, M. H. and Syono, Y. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 231-242

Irifune, T. and Ringwood, A. E. (1993) Phase transformations in subducted oceanic crust and buoyancy relationships at depths of 600-800 km in the mantle Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 117, 101-110

Irifune, T., Adachi, Y., Fujino, K., Ohtani, E., Yoneda, A. and Sawamoto, H. (1992) A performance test for WC anvils for multianvil apparatus and phase transformations in some aluminous minerals up to 28 GPa High Pressure Research: Applications to Earth and Planetary Sciences (Eds. Syono, Y. and Manghnani, M. H. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 43-50

Irifune, T., Ringwood, A. E. and Hibberson, W. O. (1994) Subduction of continental crust and terrigenous and pelagic sediments: an experimental study Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 126, 351-368

Irifune, T., Koizumi, T. and Ando, J-i (1996) An experimental study of the garnet-perovskite transformation in the system MgSiO₃-Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 96, 147-157

Isaak, D. (1992) High temperature elasticity of iron bearing olivines J. Geophys. Res. 97, 1871-1885

Isacks, B. and Molnar, P. (1971) Distribution of stresses in the descending lithosphere from a global survey of focal mechanism solutions of mantle earthquakes Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 9, 103-174

Ito, E. and Katsura, T. (1989) A temperature profile of the mantle transition zone Geophys. Res. Lett. 16, 425-428

Ito, E. and Matsui, Y. (1978) Synthesis and crystal chemical characterisation of MgSiO3 perovskite Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 38, 43-450

Ito, E. and Navrotsky, A. (1985) MgSiO₃ ilmenite: Calorimetry, phase equilibria and decomposition at atmospheric pressure Amer. Mineral. 70, 1020-1026

Ito, E. and Takahashi, E. (1987a) Melting of peridotite at uppermost lower-mantle conditions Nature 328, 514-517

Ito, E. and Takahashi, E. (1987b) Ultra-high-pressure phase transformations and the constitution of the deep mantle High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (Ed.. Manghnani, M. H. and Syono, Y. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 221-229

Ito, E., Kawada, K. and Akimoto, S-i. (1974) Thermal expansion of stishovite Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 8, 277-281

Ito, E., Takahashi, E and Matsui, Y. (1984) The mineralogy and chemistry of the lower mantle: an implication of the ultrahigh-pressure phase relations in the system MgO-FeO-SiO₂ Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 67, 238-248

Iwamori, H. (1993) A model for disequilibrium mantle melting incorporating melt transport by porous and channel flows Nature 366, 734-737

Jackson, I. (1977) Phase relations in the system LiF-MgF₂ at elevated pressures: implications for the proposed mixed-oxide zone of the earth’s mantle Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 14, 86-94

Jackson, I. and Niesler, H. (1982) The elasticity of periclase to 3 GPa and some geophysical implications High Pressure Research in Geophysics, Advances in Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 12 (Eds. Akimoto, S. and Manghnani, M. H. Centre for Academic Publications, Tokyo) 93-113

Jackson, I., Liebermann, R. and Ringwood, A. (1978) The elastic properties of (Mg_xFe_1-x)O solid solutions Phys. Chem. Mineral. 3, 11-31

Jackson, I., Khanna, S., Revcolevschi, A. and Berthon, J. (1990) Elasticity, shear mode softening and high pressure polymorphism of wüstite (Fe_1-xO) J. Geophys. Res. 95 B10, 21671-21685

Jackson, J. (1996) Diamonds, is their lustre fading? Time March 4 (1996), 38-44

Jacobsen, S. (1988) Isotopic and chemical constraints on mantle-crust evolution Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1341-1350

Jagoutz, E., Palme, H., Baddenhausen, K., Blum, M., Cendales, G., Dreibus, B., Spettel, V., Lorenz, V. and Wanke, H. (1979) The abundances of major, minor and trace elements in the earth’s mantle as derived from primitive ultramafic nodules Proc. 10th Lunar Sci. Conf. 2, 2031-2050

Jakobsson, S. and Oskarsson, N. (1990) Experimental determination of fluid compositions in the system C-O-H at high P and T and low fO₂ Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 355-362

Jaques, A., Hall, A., Sheraton, J., Smith, C., Sun, S-s., Drew, R., Foudoulis, C. and Ellingsen, C. (1989) Composition of crystalline inclusions and C isotope composition of Argyle and Ellendale Diamonds Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 2 (Eds.. Ross, J. Blackwell Scientific, Carlton) 1029-1041

Jaques, A., O’Neill, H., Smith, C. B., Moon, J. and Chappell, B. W. (1990) Diamondiferous peridotitic xenoliths from the Argyle (AK1) lamproite pipe, Western Australia Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 104, 255-276

Javoy, M. (1995) The integral enstatite chondrite model of the earth Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 2219-2222

Javoy, M., Pineau, F. and Demaiffe, D. (1984) Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition in the diamonds of Mbuji Mayi (Zaïre) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 68, 399-412

Javoy, M., Pineau, F. and Delorme, H. (1986) Carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the mantle Chem. Geol. 57, 41-62

Jeanloz, R. (1988) Majorite: Vibrational and compressional properties of a high-pressure phase J. Geophys. Res. 86, 6171-6179

Jeanloz, R. and Ahrens, T. (1980) Equations of state of FeO and CaO Geophys. J. Roy. Astronom. Soc. 62, 505-528

Jeanloz, R. and Hazen, R. (1993) Composition limits of Fe_xO and the earth's lower mantle Science 261, 923-925

Jeanloz, R. and Knittle, E. (1989) Density and composition of the lower mantle Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 328, 377-389

Jeanloz, R. and Richter, F. (1979) Convection, composition and the thermal state of the lower mantle J. Geophys. Res. 84 B10, 5497-5504

Jeanloz, R. and Sato-Sorensen, Y. (1986) Hydrostatic compression of Fe_1-xO wüstite J. Geophys. Res. 91, 4665-4672

Jeanloz, R. and Thompson, A. (1983) Phase transitions and mantle discontinuities Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 21, 51-74

Jeffreys, H. (1937) A further study of near earthquakes Monthly Notices Roy. Astronom. Soc., Geophys. Suppl. 4, 196-225

Jerde, E. A., Taylor, L. A., Crozaz, G., Sobolev, N. V. and Sobolev, V. N. (1993) Exsolution of garnet within clinopyroxene of mantle eclogites: major- and trace- element chemistry Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 114, 148-159

Johnson, L. R. (1967) Array measurements of P velocities in the upper mantle J. Geophys. Res. 72, 6309-6325

Jones, J. and Drake, M. (1993) Rubidium and caesium in the earth and the moon Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 3785-3792

Kagi, H., Takahashi, K, Hidaka, H. and Masuda, A. (1994) Chemical properties of Central African carbonado and its genetic implications Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 2629-2638

Kaiser, W. and Bond, W. L. (1959) Nitrogen, a major impurity in common type I diamond Phys. Rev. 115, 857-863

Kaminskii, F. V. (1987) Genesis of carbonado: polycrystalline aggregate of diamond (In Russian) Dokl. Akad.. Nauk SSSR 291, 439-440

Kaminsky, F, Chernaya, I. P. and Cherny, A. V. (1986) Occurrence of diamond in alkaline picrites and alkaline ultrabasic rocks (In Russian) Mineral. Zh. 8, 39-45

Karato, S-i, Wang, Z., Liu, B. and Fujino, K. (1995) Plastic deformation of garnets: systematics and implications for the rheology of the mantle transition zone Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 130, 13-30

Karig, D. E. and Sharman, G. F. III (1975) Subduction and accretion in trenches Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 86, 377

Kato, T. (1986) Stability relation of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ garnets, major constituents in the Earth's interior Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 77, 399-408

Kato, T. and Kumazawa, M. (1985) Garnet phase of MgSiO₃ filling the pyroxene-ilmenite gap at very high temperature Nature 316, 803-805

Kato, T., Ringwood, A. E. and Irifune, T. (1988) Experimental determination of element partitioning between silicate perovskites, garnet and liquids: constraints on early differentiation of the mantle Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 89, 123-145

Kato, T., Ohtani, E., Morishima, H., Yamazaki, D., Suzuki, A., Suto, M., Kubo, T., Kikegawa, T. and Shimomura, O. (1995) In-situ X ray observation of high-pressure phase transitions of MgSiO₃ and thermal expansion of MgSiO₃ perovskite at 25 GPa by double-stage multianvil system J. Geophys. Res. 100 20475-20481

Katsura, T. and Ito, E. (1989) The system Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄ at high pressures and temperatures: Precise determination of stabilities of olivine, modified spinel and spinel J. Geophys. Res. 94, 15663-15670

Kawakatsu, H. and Niu, F. (1994) Seismic evidence for a 920-km discontinuity in the mantle Nature 371, 301-305

Kendall, J-M and Silver, P. (1996) Constraints from seismic anisotropy on the nature of the lowermost mantle Nature 381, 409-412

Kennedy, C. and Kennedy, G. (1976) The equilibrium boundary between graphite and diamond J. Geophys. Res. 81, 2467-2470

Kent, R. W., Storey, M. and Saunders, A. D. (1992) Large igneous provinces: Sites of plume impact or plume incubation Geology 20, 891-894

Keppler, H. (1996) Constraints from partitioning experiments on the composition of subduction-zone fluids Nature 380, 237-240

Keppler, H., McCammon, C. A. and Rubie, D. C. (1994) Crystal-field and charge-transfer spectra of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ perovskite Amer. Mineral. 79, 1215-1218

Kerr, R. A. (1993) Earth-Science - bits of the lower mantle found in Brazillian diamonds Science 261, 1391

Kerrich, R., Fyfe, W. S., Barnett, R. L., Blair, B. B. and Willmore, L. M. (1987) Corundum, Cr-muscovite rocks at O'Briens, Zimbabwe: the conjunction of hydrothermal desilicification and LIL-element enrichment - geochemical and isotopic evidence Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 95, 481-498

Keskar, N. R., Trouiller, N., Martins, J. L. and Chelikowsky, J. (1991) Structural properties of SiO₂ in the stishovite structure Phys. Rev. B Cond. Matter 44, 4081-4088

Kesson, S. and Fitz Gerald, J. (1991) Partitioning of MgO, FeO, NiO, MnO and Cr₂O₃ between magnesian silicate perovskite and magnesiowüstite: implications for the origin of inclusions in diamond and the composition of the lower mantle Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 111, 259-240

Kesson, S. and Ringwood, A. E. (1989) Slab-mantle interactions 2: The formation of diamonds Chem. Geol. 78, 97-118

Kesson, S. E., Fitz Gerald, J. D. and Shelley, J. M. G. (1994) Mineral chemistry and density of subducted basaltic crust at lower-mantle pressures Nature 372, 767-769

Kesson, S. E., Fitz Gerald, J. D., Shelley, J. M. G. and Withers, R. L. (1995a) Phase relations of aluminous Mg,Fe silicate perovskites Plume 2, Terra Nostra, (Ed. Anderson, Hart and Hofmann Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung, Bonn) 72-74.

Kesson, S. E., Fitz Gerald, J. D., Shelley, J. M. G. and Withers, R. L. (1995b) Phase relations, structure and crystal chemistry of some aluminous silicate perovskites Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 134, 187-201

Kesson S. E., Fitz Gerald, J. and Shelley, J. M. (1996) Diagnostic phase chemistry of syngenetic inclusions in diamonds from the transition zone and lower mantle Abstract of the RSES Diamond Workshop, ANU Canberra (1996)

Kiflawi, I., Fisher, D., Kanda, H. and Sittas, G. (1996) The creation of the 3107 cm^-1 hydrogen absorption peak in synthetic diamond single crystals Diamond and related materials 5, 1516-1518

King, S. D. and Masters, G. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19, 1551-1552

Kingma, K. J., Cohen, R. E., Hemley, R. and Mao, H. (1995) Transformations of stishovite to a denser phase at lower-mantle pressures Nature 374, 243-245

Kirkley, M., Gurney, J., Otter, M., Hill, S. and Daniels, L. (1991) The application of C isotope measurements to the identification of the sources of C in diamonds: a review Appl. Geochem. 6, 477-494

Klages, C-P. (1995) Metastable diamond synthesis - principles and applications Eur. J. Mineral. 7, 767-774

Knittle, E. and Jeanloz, R. (1987a) Synthesis and equation of state of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ perovskite to over 100 gigapascals Science 235, 668-670

Knittle, E. and Jeanloz, R. (1987b) Synthesis and equation of state of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ to over 100 GPa Science 235, 668-670

Knittle, E. and Jeanloz, R. (1987c) The activation energy of the back transformation of silicate perovskite to enstatite High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (Ed.. Manghnani, M. H. and Syono, Y. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 243-250

Knittle, E. and Jeanloz, R. (1991a) Earth's core-mantle boundary: results of experiments at high pressures and temperatures Science 251, 1438-1443

Knittle, E. and Jeanloz, R. (1991b) The high-pressure phase-diagram Fe_0.94O - a possible constituent of the earth’s core J. Geophys. Res. 96, 16169-16180

Knittle, E., Jeanloz, R. and Smith, G. L. (1987) Thermal expansion of silicate perovskite and stratification of the earth's mantle Nature 319, 214-216

Kopylova, M. G., Gurney, J. J. and Daniels, L. R. M. (1995) Mineral inclusions in diamond from the River Ranch Kimberlite Extended Abstracts of the 6th International Kimberlite Conference, UIGMM, Novosibirsk, 289-291

Krogh, E. J. (1988) The garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg geothermometer - a reinterpretation of existing experimental data Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 99, 44-48

Krot, A., Posukhova, T. V., Guseva, Ye, V., Galimov, E. M., Botkunov, A. I., Ramenskaya, M. Ye. and Oglobina, A. I. (1994) Origin of garnets containing hydrocarbon inclusions in the Mir kimberlite pipe Geochem. Int. 31, 122-130

Krupka, K. M., Robie, R. A. and Hemingway, B. S. (1979) High temperature heat capacities of corundum, periclase, anorthite, CaAl₂Si₂O₈ glass, muscovite, pyrophyllite, KAlSi₃O₈ glass, grossular and NaAlSi₃O₈ glass Amer. Mineral. 64, 86-101

Kudoh, Y., Ito, E. and Takeda, H. (1987) Effect of pressure on the crystal structure of perovskite-type MgSiO₃ Phys. Chem. Mineral. 14, 350-354

Kudoh, Y., Prewitt, C. T. and Finger, L. W. (1990) Effect of iron on the crystal structure of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ perovskite Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 1481-1484

Kumazawa, M. and Anderson, O. (1969) Elastic moduli, pressure derivatives and temperature derivatives of single-crystal olivine and single crystal forsterite J. Geophys. Res. 74, 5961-5972

Kushiro, I. and Aoki, K. (1968) Origin of some eclogite inclusions in kimberlite Amer. Mineral. 53, 1347-1367

Lander, J. J. and Morrison, J. (1963) J. Chem. Phys. 34, 1403-

Lang, A. R. (1979) Internal Structure The Properties of Diamond (Ed. Field, J. E. Academic Press, London) 425-469

Lang, A. (1994) Comments on 'An unusual octahedral diamond' by A. Yacoot and M. Moore Mineral. Mag. 58, 508-512

Larsen, R.L. (1991) Latest pulse of Earth: Evidence for a mid-Cretaceous superplume Geology 19, 547-550

Latin, D. and Waters, F. (1991) Melt generation during rifting in the North Sea Nature 351, 559-562

Lawn, B. R. and Wilshaw, T. R. (1975) Fracture of Brittle Solids Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Le Page, Y., Calvert, L. D. and Gabe, E. J. (1980) Parameter variation in low quartz between 94 and 298K J. Phys. Chem. Solids 41, 721-725

Lee, D-C. and Halliday, A. (1995) Hafnium-tungsten chronometry and the timing of terrestrial core formation Nature 378, 771-774

Leinenweber, K., Wang, Y., Yagi, T. and Yusa, H. (1994) An unquenchable perovskite phase of MgGeO₃ and comparison with MgSiO3 perovskite Amer. Mineral. 79, 197-199

Leitner, B. J., Weidner, D. J. and Liebermann, R. C. (1980) Elasticity of single crystal pyrope and implications for garnet solid solution series Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 22, 111-121

Lenardic, A. and Kaula, W. (1995) Mantle dynamics and the heat flow into the earth's continents Nature 378, 709-711

Li, J. and Agee, C. (1996) Geochemistry of mantle-core differentiation at high pressure Nature 381, 686-689

Li, X. and Jeanloz, R. (1991) Phases and electrical conductivity of a hydrous silicate assemblage at lower-mantle conditions Nature 350, 332-334

Li, X. and Mao H-K (1994) Solid carbon at high pressure: electrical resistivity and phase transition Phys. Chem. Mineral. 21, 1-5

Liang, Y., Richter, F. M. and Watson, E. B. (1994) Convection in multicomponent silicate melts driven by coupled diffusion Nature 369, 390-392

Lindsley, D. H. and Dixon, S. A. (1976) Diopside-enstatite equilibria at 850° to 1400°C, 5 to 35 kb Amer. J. Sci. 276, 1285-1301

Lindsley, D. H., Grover, J. E. and Davidson, P. M. (1981) The thermodynamics of the Mg₂Si₂O₆ - CaMgSi₂O₆ join: a review and an improved model Advances in Physical Geochemistry Vol. 1: Thermodynamics of minerals and melts (Eds. Newton, R. C. et al., Springer-Verlag, New York) 149-175

Liu, L-G. (1975) High Pressure reconnaissance investigation in the system Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂-Fe₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 26, 425-433

Liu, L-G. (1976a) First occurrence of garnet-ilmenite transition in silicates Science 195, 990-991

Liu, L-G. (1976b) Orthorhombic perovskite phases observed in olivine, pyroxene and garnet at high pressures and temperatures Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 11, 289-298

Liu, L-G. (1978) A new high-pressure phase of Ca₂Al₂SiO₇ and implications or the earth's interior Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 40, 401-406

Liu, L-G. (1979a) On the 650 km seismic discontinuity Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 42, 202-208

Liu, L-G. (1979b) High-pressure phase transitions in the system CaSiO₃-Al₂O₃ Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 43, 331-335

Liu, L-G. (1984) Compression and phase behaviour of solid CO₂ to half a megabar Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 71, 104-110

Liu, L-G. and Lin, C-C (1995) High-pressure phase transformations of carbonates in the system CaO-MgO-SiO₂-CO₂ Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 134, 297-305

Liu, L-G. and Ringwood, A. E. (1975) Synthesis of a perovskite-type polymorph of CaSiO₃ Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 28, 209-211

Liu, L-G., Bassett, W. A. and Takahashi, T. (1974) Effect of pressure on the lattice parameters of stishovite J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1160-1164

Liu, L-G. Mernagh, T. P. and Jaques, A. L. (1990) A mineralogical Raman spectroscopy study on eclogitic garnet inclusions in diamonds from Argyle Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 105, 156-161

Loubeyre, P. and LeToullec, R. (1995) Stability of O₂ /H₂ mixtures at high pressure Nature 378, 44-46

Loubser, J. H. N. and van Wyk, J. A. (1981) Models for H3 and H4 centres based on ESR measurements Diamond Conference Abstracts 1981, Reading (Unpublished) 13/35-40

Luth, R. W., Virgo, D., Boyd, F. R. and Wood, B. J. (1990) Ferric iron in mantle-derived garnets: implications for thermobarometry and the oxidation state of the mantle Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 104, 56-72

Luther, L. C. and Moore, W. J. (1964) Diffusion of helium in silicon, germanium and diamond J. Chem. Phys. 41, 1018-1026

Maaloe, S. and Aoki, K-i. (1977)The major element composition of the upper mantle estimated from the composition of lherzolites Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 63, 161

Macgregor, I. (1974) The system MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂: solubility of Al₂O₃ in enstatite for spinel and garnet peridotite compositions Amer. Mineral. 59, 110-119

Mackwell, S. and Kohlstedt, D. (1990) Diffusion of hydrogen in olivine: implications for water in the mantle J. Geophys. Res. 95, B4, 5079-5088

Maeno, Y., Hashimoto, H., Yoshida, K., Nishizaki, S., Fujita, T., Bednorz, J. G. and Lichtenberg, F. (1994) Superconductivity in a layered perovskite without copper Nature 372, 532-534

Malavergne, V., Guyot, F., Peyronneau, J. and Poirier, J-P. (1995) Distribution du fer, du cobalt et du nickel entre minéraux du manteau inférieur terrestre à haute pression et haute témperature C. R. Academie des Sciences de Paris 320 série IIa, 455-462

Malavergne, V., Guyot, F., Wang, Y. and Martinez, I. (1997) Partitioning of nickel, cobalt and manganese between silicate perovskite and periclase: a test of crystal field theory at high pressure Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 146, 499-509.

Mao, H. K, and Hemley, R. J. (1996) Energy dispersive X-Ray diffraction of micro-crystals at ultrahigh pressures High Pressure Research 14, 257-267

Mao, H-K., Takahashi, T., Bassett, W., Weaver, J. and Akimoto, S. (1969) Effect of pressure and temperature on the molar volumes of wüstite and of three (Fe,Mg)₂SiO₄ spinel solid solutions J. Geophys. Res. 74, 1061-1069

Mao, H. K., Bell, P. M. and Yagi, T. (1979) Iron-Magnesium fractionation model for the earth Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book 78, 621-625

Mao, H. K., Chien, L. C., Hemley, R. J., Jephcoat, A. P. and Wu, Y. (1989) Stability and equation of state of CaSiO₃-perovskite to 134 GPa J. Geophys. Res. 94, 17889-17894

Mao, H. K., Hemley, R. J., Fei, Y., Shu, J. F., Chen, L. C., Jephcoat, A. P. and Wu, Y. (1991) Effect of pressure, temperature and composition on lattice parameters and density of (Fe,Mg)SiO₃-perovskite to 30 GPa J. Geophys. Res. 96, 8069-8079

Mao, H-k, Shu, J., Fie, Y., Hu, J. and Hemley, R. (1996) The wüstite enigma Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 96, 135-145

Martin, H. (1986) Effect of steeper Archean geothermal gradient on geochemistry on subduction-zone magmas Geology 14, 753-756

Marton, F. and Cohen, R. (1994) Prediction of a high-pressure phase transition in Al₂O₃ Amer. Mineral. 79, 789-792

Marumo, F., Isobe, M. and Akimoto, S. (1977) Electron density distributions in crystals for g -Fe₂SiO₄ and g -Co₂SiO₄ Acta Crystallog. B33 713-716

Marx, P. C. (1972) Pyrrhotine and the origin of terrestrial diamonds Mineral. Mag. 38, 636-638

Mathez, E., Blacic, J., Maggiore, C., Mitchell, T. and Fogel, R. (1993) The determination of the O content of diamond by microactivation Amer. Mineral. 78, 753-761

Matsubara, R., Toraya, H., Tanaka, S. and Sawamoto, H. (1990) Precision lattice-parameter determination of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ tetragonal garnets Science 247, 697-699

Mattey, D., Taylor, W., Green, D. and Pillinger, C. (1990) Carbon isotopic fractionation between CO₂ vapour, silicate and carbonate melts: an experimental study to 30 kbar Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 104, 492-505

Matthews, M., Harte, B. and Prior, D. (1992) Mantle garnets: a cracking yarn Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 2633-2642

Matyska, C., Moser, J. and Yuen, D. A. (1994) The potential influence of radiative heat transfer on the formation of megaplumes in the lower mantle Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 125, 255-266

McCammon, C. (1993) Effect of pressure on the composition of the lower mantle end member Fe_xO Science 259, 66-68

McCammon, C. (1994) A Mössbauer milliprobe: Practical considerations Hyperfine Interactions 92, 1235-1239

McCammon, C. A. (1995) Mössbauer spectroscopy of minerals Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants (Ed. Ahrens, T. J., AGU, Washington) 332-347

McCammon, C. (1996) Crystal Chemistry of iron containing perovskites Phase Transitions 58, 1-26

McCammon, C. (1997) Perovskite as a possible sink for ferric iron in the lower mantle Nature 387, 694-696

McCammon, C., Chaskar, V. and Richards, G. G. (1991) A technique for spatially resolved Mössbauer spectroscopy applied to quenched metallurgical slags Meas. Sci. Technol. 2, 657-662

McCammon, C., Rubie, D., Ross II, C., Seifert, F. and O’Neill, H. (1992) Mössbauer spectra of ⁵⁷Fe_0.05Mg_0.95SiO₃ perovskite at 80 and 298K Amer. Mineral. 77, 894-897

McCammon, C. A., Harris, J. W., Harte, B. and Hutchison, M. T. (1995b) Fe³⁺ content of diamond inclusions from the transition zone and lower mantle Annual Report of the Bayerisches Geoinstitut, (Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth) 43-44

McCammon, C., Harris, J. W., Harte, B. and Hutchison, M. T. (1996a) Partitioning of ferric iron between lower mantle phases: results from natural and synthetic samples J. Conf. Abs. 1, 390

McCammon, C. A., Hutchison, M. T., Harte, B. and Harris, J. W. (1996b) Ferric Iron and the electrical conductivity of the lower mantle Eos Trans. AGU Fall Meet. Suppl. 77(46) F167

McCammon, C., Hutchison, M. T. and Harris, J. W. (1997) Oxidation of mineral inclusions in diamonds from São Luiz: A view into the lower mantle Science 278, 434-436

McCandless, T. and Gurney, J. (1989) Criteria for classifying mantle eclogites Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 2 (Eds. Ross, J. et al., Blackwell Science Publications, Carlton) 827-832

McCandless, T. E., Kirkley, M. B., Robinson, D. N., Gurney, J. J., Griffen, W. L., Cousens, D. R. and Boyd, F. R. (1989) Some initial observations on polycrystalline diamonds mainly from Orapa (Abstr.) Workshop on Diamonds. 28th International Geological Congress, Washington 47-51

McDade, P. and Harris, J. W. (1996) Multiple diamond sources at the Kalahari craton margin: Letseng-la-terai, Lesotho J. Conf. Abs. 1, 391

McKenzie, D. (1984) The generation and compaction of partially molten rock J. Petrol. 25, 713-765

McKenzie, D. (1989) Some remarks on the movement of small melt fractions in the mantle Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 95, 53-72

McKenzie, D. and Jarvis, G. (1980) The conversion of heat into mechanical work by mantle convection J. Geophys. Res. 85, 6093-6096

McKenzie, D. and O'Nions, R. (1991) Partial melt distribution from inversion of rare earth element concentration J. Petrol. 32, 1021-1091

McKenzie, D. and O'Nions, R. (1995) The source regions of ocean island basalts J. Petrol. 36, 133-159

McLennan, S. (1994) Rare earth element geochemistry and the 'tetrad' effect Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 2025-2033

McMahon, B. and Haggerty, S. (1984) The Benfontein kimberlite sills: Magmatic reactions and high intrusion temperatures Amer. J. Sci. 84, 893-911

Mehta, S., Novotny, P., Williams, D. and Goldstein, J. (1980) Electron optical observations of ordered Fe-Ni in the Estherville meteorite Nature 284, 151-153

Meng, Y., Fei, Y., Weidner, D. J., Gwanmesia, G. D. and Hu, J. (1994) Hydrostatic compression of g -Mg₂SiO₄ to mantle pressures and 700K: Thermal equation of state and related elastic properties Phys. Chem. Mineral. 21, 407-412

Menzies, M. A. (1992) The lower lithosphere as a major source for continental flood basalts: a re-appraisal Magmatism and the causes of continental break-up (Eds. Storey, B. C. et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., London) 68, 31-39

Meyer, H. O. A. (1987) Inclusions in Diamond Mantle Xenoliths (Ed.. Nixon, P. Wiley, Chichester) 501-522

Meyer, H. and Boyd, F. (1972) Composition and origin of crystalline inclusions in natural diamonds Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 36, 1255-1273

Meyer, H. and Gübelin, E. (1981) Ruby in Diamond Gems and Gemology Fall (1981), 153-156

Meyer, H. and McCallum, M. (1985) Mineral inclusions in diamonds from the Sloan kimberlites, Colorado J. Geol. 94, 600-612

Michael, P. and Bonatti, E. (1985) Peridotite composition from the North Atlantic: regional and tectonic variations and implications for partial melting Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 73, 91-104

Milashev, V., Krutoyarski, M., Rabkhin, M. and Zirlich, A. (1963) Kimberlitic rocks and picritic porphyres of the north-eastern part of the Siberian Platform Trudy Naushno-Issledovatelskoga Institut Geologiya Arktiki 126, 1-215

Mitchell, R. and Reed, S. (1988) Ion microprobe determination of rare earth elements in perovskite from kimberlites and alnöites Mineral. Mag. 52, 331-339

Miyajima, N., Fujino, K., Yagi, T. and Kondo, T. (1996) Analytical electron microscopy of garnet-perovskite transformations in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Advanced Materials ‘96: Proceedings of the 3rd NIRIM International Symposium on Advanced Materials, Tsukuba, (1996) (Ed. Akaishi, M. et al. NIRIM, Tsukuba) 341-344

Moore, M. (1990) X-Ray topography and lattice parameter mapping of synthetic diamonds Diamond Conference Abstracts 1990, Reading (Unpublished) 33/1-2

Moore, R. O. and Gurney, J. J. (1985) Pyroxene solid solution in garnets included in diamond Nature 318, 553-555

Moore, R. O. and Gurney, J. J. (1986) Mineral inclusions in diamonds from the Monastery Kimberlite, South Africa Abs. Geol. Soc. Austral. 16, 406-408

Moore, R. O. and Gurney, J. J. (1989) Mineral inclusions in diamond from the Monastery kimberlite, South Africa Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 2 (Eds. Ross, J. et al., Blackwell Science Publications, Carlton) 1029-1041

Moore, R. O., Otter, M. L., Rickard, R. S., Harris, J. W. and Gurney, J. J. (1986) The occurrence of moissanite and ferro-periclase as inclusions in diamond Abs. Geol. Soc. Austral. 16 Sydney 409-411

Moore, R. O., Gurney, J. J., Griffin, W. L. and Shimizu, N. (1991) Ultra-high pressure garnet inclusions in Monastery diamonds: trace element abundance patterns and conditions of origin Eur. J. Mineral. 3, 213-230

Morgan, J. and Shearer, P. (1993) Seismic constraints on mantle flow and topography of the 660-km discontinuity: evidence for whole mantle convection Nature 365, 506-511

Mori, T. and Green, D. H. (1985) Laboratory duplication of phase equilibria observed in natural garnet lherzolites J. Geol. 86, 83-97

Moxon, T. J. (1991) On the origin of agate with particular reference to foritification agate found in the Midland Valley, Scotland Chemie der Erde 51, 251-260

Nakakuki, T., Sato, H. and Fujimoto, H. (1994) Interaction of the upwelling plume with the phase and chemical boundary at the 670km discontinuity: effects of temperature-dependent viscosity Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 121, 369-384

Navon, O. (1991a) Pressure-temperature-volume path of micro inclusion bearing diamonds Extended abstracts of the fifth international kimberlite conference, Brazil, (1991) CPRM, Rio de Janeiro 304-306

Navon, O. (1991b) High internal pressures in diamond fluid inclusions determined by infrared absorption Nature 353, 746-748

Navrotsky, A. (1987) Silicate and germanate garnets, ilmenites and perovskites: thermochemistry, lattice vibrations and spectroscopy High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (Ed.. Manghnani, M. H. and Syono, Y. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 261-268

Navrotsky, A. and Weidner, D. (1989) (Editors) Perovskite: a structure of great interest to Geophysics and materials science American Geophysical Union, Washington

Newnham, R. E. and deHaan, Y. M. (1962) Refinement of the alpha Al₂O₃, Ti₂O₃, V₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ structures Z. Krist 117, 235-237

Nickel, K. and Green, D. (1985) Empirical geothermobarometry for garnet peridotites and implications for the nature of the lithosphere, kimberlites and diamonds Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 73, 158-170

Nier, A. O. (1950) A redetermination of the relative abundances of the isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, argon and potassium Phys. Rev. 77, 789-793

Nier, A. and Gulbransen, E.(1939) Variations in the relative abundance of carbon isotopes J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 61, 697-698

Nixon, P. (1979) (Editor) Mantle Xenoltihs Wiley, Chichester

O'Neill, B. and Jeanloz, R. (1994) MgSiO₃-FeSiO₃-Al₂O₃ in the Earth's lower mantle: Perovskite and garnet at 1200 km depth J. Geophys. Res. 99, B10, 19901-19915

O'Neill, B., Bass, J. D., Smyth, J. and Vaughan, M. T. (1991) Elasticity of a grossular-pyrope-almandine garnet J. Geophys. Res. 94, 17819-17824

O’Neill, H. StC. and Wood, B. J. (1979) An experimental study of Fe-Mg partitioning between garnet and olivine and its calibration as a geothermometer Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 70, 59-70

O'Neill, H. StC., Rubie, D. C., Canil, D., Geiger, C. A., Ross II, C. R., Seifert, F. and Woodland, A. B. (1993) Ferric iron in the upper mantle and in transition zone assemblages: implications for relative oxygen fugacities in the mantle Evolution of the Earth and Planets Geophys. Mono. 74 IUGG 14, 73-88

O'Nions, R. K. and Tolstikhin, I. (1994) Behaviour and residence times of lithophile and rare gas tracers in the upper mantle Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 124, 131-138

O'Nions, R. K., Hamilton, P. J. and Evensen, N. M. (1977) Variations in ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in oceanic basalts Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 34, 13-22

O'Nions, R. K., Evensen, N. M. and Hamilton, P. J. (1979) Geochemical modelling of mantle differentiation and crustal growth J. Geophys. Res. 64, 6091-6101

Odling, N. W. A. (1995) An experimental replication of upper-mantle metasomatism Nature 373, 58-60

Ohtani, E. (1983) Melting temperature distribution and fractionation in the lower mantle Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 33, 12-25

Ohtani, E. (1987) Ultrahigh-pressure melting of a model chondritic mantle and pyrolite compositions High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (Ed.. Manghnani, M. H. and Syono, Y. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 87-93

Olson, P., Silver, P. G. and Carlson, R.W. (1990) The large-scale structure of convection in the earth's mantle Nature 344, 209-215

Otter, M. (1989) Diamonds and their mineral inclusions from the Sloan diatremes of the Colorado-Wyoming State Line kimberlite district, North America Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cape Town

Otter, M. and Gurney, J. (1989) Mineral inclusions in diamonds from the Sloan diatremes, Colorado-Wyoming State-line district, North America Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 2 (Eds. Ross, J. et al., Blackwell Science Publications, Carlton) 1042-1053

Otter, M., Gerneke, D., Harte, B., Gurney, J., Harris, J. and Wilding, M. (1991) Diamond growth histories revealed by cathodoluminescence and carbon isotope studies Extended abstracts of the fifth international kimberlite conference, Brazil, (1991) CPRM, Rio de Janeiro 318-319

Ozima, M. (1989) Gases in diamonds Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 17, 361-384

Park, K. T., Terakura, K. and Matsui, Y. (1988) Theoretical evidence for a new ultra-high-pressure phase of SiO₂ Nature 336, 670-672

Pearson, D., Davies, G., Nixon, P. and Milledge, H. J. (1989) Graphitised diamond from a peridotitic massif in Morocco and implications for anomalous diamond occurrences Nature 338, 60-62

Pearson, D. G., Davies, G. R. and Nixon, P. H. (1993) Geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of diamond facies pyroxenites from the Beni Bousera peridotite massif, North Morocco J. Petrol. 34, 125-172

Peter, F. (1923) Z. Phys. 15, 358-368

Plymate, T. and Stout, J. (1994) Pressure-Temperature-Volume behaviour of g -Fe₂SiO₄ (spinel) based on static compression measurements at 400°C Phys. Chem. Mineral. 21, 413-420

Pollack, H. N. and Chapman, D. S. (1977) On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms and lithospheric thickness Tectonophys. 38, 279-296

Polyakov, V. and Kharlashina, N. (1995) The use of heat capacity data to calculate carbon isotope fractionation between graphite, diamond and carbon dioxide: a new approach Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 2561-2572

Poe, B., Seifert, F., Sharp, T. and Wu, Z. (1997) ELNES spectroscopy of mixed Si coordination minerals Phys. Chem. Mineral. 24, 477-487

Powell, R. (1985) Regression diagnostics and robust regression in geothermometer / geobarometer calibration: the garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometer revisited J. Metamorphic Geol. 3, 231-243

Price, G. D., Wall, A. and Parker, S. C. (1989) The properties and behaviour of mantle minerals: a computer simulation approach Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 328, 391-407

Pyle, J. and Haggerty, S. (1994) Silicate-carbonate liquid immiscibility in upper-mantle eclogites implications for natrosilicate an carbonatitic conjugate melts Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 2997-3001

Raeburn, S. P., Ilton, E., Veblen, D. and Kerrick, D (1995) Microbeam determination of Fe(II)/Fe(III) in biotites in situ in pelitic rocks using X-Ray spectroscopy (XPS) Terra Abs. Suppl. 1 to Terra Nova 7, 320

Ramsden, A. R. and Cameron, E. N. (1966) Kamacite and taenite superstructures and a metastable tetragonal phase in iron meteorites Amer. Mineral. 51, 37-55

Rancourt, D. (1994) Mössbauer Spectroscopy of minerals I. Inadequacy of Lorentzian-line doublets in fitting spectra arising from quadrupole splitting distributions Phys. Chem. Mineral. 21, 244-249

Rancourt, D., Christie, I., Royer, M., Kodama, H., Robert, J.-L., Lalonde, A. and Murad, E. (1994) Determination of accurate [4]Fe³⁺, [6]Fe³⁺ and [6]Fe²⁺ site populations in synthetic annite by Mössbauer spectroscopy Amer. Mineral. 79, 51-62

Rayleigh, C. B. and Paterson, M. S. (1965) Experimental deformation of serpentinite and its tectonic implications J. Geophys. Res. 70, 3965-3985

Reeber, R., Goessel, K. and Wang, K. (1995) Thermal expansion and molar volume of MgO, periclase, from 5 to 2900 K Eur. J. Mineral. 7, 1039-1047

Reed, J. C. Jr., Ball, T. T., Farmer, G. L. and Hamilton, W. B. (1993) A broader view The Geology of North America v.C-2 Precambrian: Coterminous U.S. (Eds. Reed Jr. et al., Geol. Soc. Amer., Boulder) 597-636

Reid, A., Brown, R., Dawson, B., Whitfield, G. and Siebert, J. (1973) Diamond-bearing eclogites Abstracts of the International Conference on Kimberlites, Cape Town, R. S. A., 271

Richards, M. A., Duncan, R. A. and Courtillot, V. E. (1989) Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails Science 246, 103-107

Richardson, S. H., Gurney, J. J., Erlank, A. J. and Harris, J. W. (1984) Origin of diamonds in old enriched mantle Nature 310, 198-202

Richardson, S. H., Erlank, A. J., Harris, J. W. and Hart, S. R. (1990) Eclogitic diamonds of Proterozoic age fom Cretaceous Kimberlites Nature 346, 54-56

Richardson, S. H., Harris, J. W. and Gurney, J. J. (1993) Three generations of diamonds from old continental mantle Nature 366, 256-258

Richet, P. Mao, H-K. and Bell, P. M. (1988) Bulk moduli of magnesiowüstites from static compression measurements J. Geophys. Res. B93, 15279-15288

Richet, P., Mao, H-K. and Bell, P. (1989) Bulk moduli of magnesiowüstites from static compression measurements J. Geophys. Res. 94, 3073-3045

Richet, P., Ingrin, J., Mysen, B. O., Courtial, P. and Gillet, P. (1994) Premelting effects in minerals: an experimental study Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 121, 589-600

Richter, F. and McKenzie, D. (1981) On some consequences and possible causes of layered mantle convection J. Geophys. Res. 86 B7, 6133-6142

Rickard, R., Gurney, J. and Cardaso, P. (1989) Mineral inclusions in diamonds form the Koffiefontein mine Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 2. (Eds.. Ross, J. et al. Blackwell, Victoria) 121-142

Ringwood, A. (1967) The pyroxene-garnet transformation in the earth’s mantle Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2, 255-263

Ringwood, A. E. (1970) Phase transformations and the constitution of the mantle Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 3, 109-155

Ringwood, A. (1989) Constitution and evolution of the mantle Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 1 (Eds. Ross, J. et al., Blackwell Science Publications, Carlton) 457-485

Ringwood, A. and Irifune, T. (1988) Nature of the 670-km seismic discontinuity: implications for mantle dynamics and differentiation Nature 331, 131-136

Ringwood, A. E., Kesson , S. E., Hibberson, W. and Ware, N. (1993) Origin of kimberlites and related magmas Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 113, 521-538

Ringwood, A. and Major, A. (1966) Synthesis of Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄ spinel solid solutions Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1, 241-245

Robie, R. A., Hemingway, B. S. and Fisher, J. R. (1979) Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15°K and 1 bar (10⁵ pascals) pressure and at higher temperatures U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1452, 1-456

Robinson, D. N. (1978) The characteristics of natural diamond and their interpretation Mineral Sci. Engineering 10 55-72

Rombouts, L. (1987) Geology and evaluation of the Guinea diamond deposits Annal. Soc. Geol. Belgium 110, 241-259

Rosenbaum, J. M., Walker, D. and Kyser, T. K. (1994) Oxygen isotope fractionation in the mantle Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 4767-4777

Rosenhauer, M., Mao., H-K., Woermann, E. (1976) Compressibility of magnesiowüstite (Fe_0.4Mg_0.6)O to 264 kbar Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book 75, 513-515

Ross, M., Young, D. A. and Grover, R. (1990) Theory of the iron phase diagram at earth core conditions J. Geophys. Res. 95, 21713-21716

Ross, N. and Hazen, R. (1989) Single crystal X-Ray diffraction study of MgSiO₃ perovskite from 77 to 400 K Phys. Chem. Mineral. 16, 415-420

Ross, N. and Hazen, R. (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of MgSiO₃ perovskite Phys. Chem. Mineral. 17, 228-237

Ross, N. L., Shu, J-F. and Hazen, R. M. (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite Amer. Mineral. 75, 739-747

Rudnick, R. L., Eldridge, C. S. and Bulanova, G. P. (1993) Diamond growth history from in situ measurement of Pb and S isotopic compositions of sulphide inclusions Geology 21, 13-16

Rye, R., Kuo, P. H. and Holland, H. D. (1995) Atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations before 2.2-billion years ago Nature 378, 603-605

Ryburn, R., Råheim, A. and Green, D. H. (1976) Determination of the P, T paths of natural eclogites during metamorphism-record of subduction Lithos 9, 161-164

Salviulo, G., Secco, L., Antonini, P. and Piccirillo, E. M. (1997) C2/c pyroxene from two alkaline sodic suites (Western Ross Embayment - Antarctica): crystal chemical characterization and its petrologic significance Mineral. Mag. 61, 423-439

Sasaki, S., Takeuchi, Y., Fujino, K. and Akimoto, S. (1982a) Electron density distributions of three orthopyroxenes, Mg₂Si₂O₆, Co₂Si₂O₆ and Fe₂Si₂O₆ Z. Krist. 156, 279-297

Sasaki, S., Prewit, C. T., Sato, Y. and Ito, E. (1982b) Single-crystal X-Ray study of gamma-Mg₂SiO₄ J. Geophys. Res. 87, 7829-7832

Sato, Y. (1977a) Equation of state of mantle minerals determined through high-pressure x-ray study High Pressure Research: Application to Geophysics (Eds. Manghnani, M. H. and Akimoto, S. Academic Press, San Diego) 307-323

Sato, Y. (1977b) Pressure-volume relationship of stishovite under hydrostatic compression Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 34, 307-312

Saunders, A. D., Storey, M., Kent, R. W. and Norry, M. J. (1992) Consequences of plume-lithosphere interactions Magmatism and the causes of continental break-up (Eds. Storey, B. C. et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., London) 68, 41-60

Sautter, V., Haggerty, S. E. and Field, S. (1991) Ultradeep (>300 kilometres) ultramafic xenoliths: petrological evidence from the transition zone Science 252, 827-830

Sawamoto, H. (1977) Orthorhombic perovskite (Mg,Fe)SiO3 and the constitution of the lower mantle High Pressure Research (Eds. Manghnani, M. H. and Akimoto, S. Academic Press, San Diego) 219-244

Sawamoto, H., Weidner, D. J., Sasaki, S. and Kumazawa, M. (1984) Single crystal elastic properties of the modified spinel (Beta) phase of magnesium orthosilicate Science 224, 749-751

Sawamoto, H. (1987) Phase study of MgSiO₃ at pressures up to 24 GPa and temperatures up to 2200°C: phase stability and properties of tetragonal garnet High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (Ed.. Manghnani, M. H. and Syono, Y. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 209-219

Saxena, S. K. and Fei, Y. (1987) High pressure and high temperature fluid fugacities Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 783-791

Scacchi, A. (1941) Mem. Min. Geol., 23

Schiano, P., Allègre, C. J., Dupré, B., Lewin, E. and Joron, J-L. (1993) Variability of trace elements in basaltic suites Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 119, 37-51

Schrauder, M. and Navon, O. (1993) Solid carbon dioxide in a natural diamond Nature 365, 42-44

Schrauder, M. and Navon, O. (1994) Hydrous and carbonatitic fluids in fibrous diamonds from Jwaneng, Botswana Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 761-771

Schreyer, W., Werding, G. and Abraham, K. (1981) Corundum-Fuchsite rocks in greenstone belts of southern africa: petrology, geochemistry, and possible origin J. Petrol. 22, 191-231

Schubert, G., Yuen, D. and Turotte, D. (1975) Role of phase transitions in a dynamic mantle Geophys. J. Roy. Astronom. Soc. 42, 705-735

Scott-Smith, B., Danchin, R., Harris, J. and Stracke, K. (1984) Kimberites near Orrorroo, South Australia Kimberlites I: Kimberlites and Related Rocks (Ed.. Kornprobst, J., Elsevier, Amsterdam) 121-142

Shannon, (1976) Acta. Cryst. A32 751

Sharp, T. G., Lingemann, C. M., Dupas, C. and Stöffler, D. (1997) Natural occurrence of MgSiO₃-Ilmenite and evidence for MgSiO₃-Perovskite in a shocked L Chondrite Science 277, 352-355

Shen, G., Fei, Y., Hålenius, U. and Wang, Y. (1994) Optical absorption spectra of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ silicate perovskites Phys. Chem. Mineral. 20, 478-482

Sherman, D. (1993a) Equation of state and high pressure phase transitions of stishovite (SiO₂): ab initio (Peridioc Hartree-Fock) results J. Geophys. Res. 98, B7, 11865-11873

Sherman, D. (1993b) Equation of state, elastic properties and stability of CaSiO₃ perovskite: First principles (Periodic Hartree-Fock) results J. Geophys. Res. 98, B11, 19795-19805

Shimizu, N (1975) Rare earth elements in garnets and clinopyroxenes from garnet lherzolite nodules in kimberlites Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 25, 26-32

Shimizu, N. and Sobolev, N. (1995) Young peridotitic diamonds from the Mir kimberlite pipe Nature 375, 394-397

Shutong, X., Okay, A. I., Shouyuan, J., Sengör, A. M. C., Wen, S., Yican, L. and Laili, J. (1992) Diamond from the Dabie Shan metamorphic rocks and its implications for tectonic setting Science 256, 80-82

Silver, P. G., Beck, S. L., Wallace, T. C., Meade, C., Myers, S. C., James, D. E. and Kuehnel, R. (1995) Rupture characteristics of the deep Bolivian earthquake of 9 June 1994 and the mechanisms of deep focus earthquakes Science 268, 69-73

Simmons, G. and Wang, H. (1971) Single crystal elastic constants and calculated aggregate properties: a handbook MIT Press, Cambridge MA

Simons, B. and Seifert, F. (1978) High-pressure wüstite: cell parameters and Mössbauer spectra Carnegie Institute of Washington Year Book 77, 625-626

Sinogeikin, S., Bass. J., O’Neill, B. and Gasparik, T. (1997) Elasticity of tetragonal end-member majorite and solid solutions in the system Mg₄Si₄O₁₂-Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ Phys. Chem. Mineral. 24, 115-121

Skinner, B. (1956) The thermal expansions of thoria, periclase and diamond Amer. Mineral. 41, 39-55

Skinner, B. (1966) Thermal Expansion Handbook of Physical Constants (Ed.. Clark J. Geol. Soc. Amer., Boulder) 75-95

Skinner, B. J. and Boyd, F. R. (1964) Aluminous enstatites Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book 63, 163-165

Smirnov, G., Mofolo, M., Lerotholi, P., Kaminsky, F., Galimov, E. and Ivanovskaya, I. (1979) Isotopically light carbon in diamonds from some kimberlite pipes in Lesotho Nature 278, 630

Smith, J. V. and Dawson, J. B. (1985) Carbonados: Diamond aggregates from early impact of crustal rocks? Geology 13, 342-343

Smith, J. V. and Mason, B. (1970) Pyroxene-garnet transformations in Coorara meteorite Science 168, 832-833

Smyth, J. (1987) b -Mg₂SiO₄: a potential host for water in the mantle? Amer. Mineral. 72, 1051-1055

Smyth, J. (1994) A crystallographic model for hydrous wadsleyite (b -Mg₂SiO₄): An ocean in the earth's interior? Amer. Mineral. 79, 1021-1024

Smyth, J. R. and McCormick, T. C. (1995) Crystallographic data for minerals AGU Ref. 2 Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants (Ed.. Ahrens, T. J. AGU, Washington) 1-17

Smyth, J. R., Artioli, G., Smith, J. V. and Kvick, A. (1987) Crystal structure of coesite, a high pressure form of SiO₂, at 15 and 298 K from single crystal neutron and X-Ray diffraction data: test of bonding models J. Phys. Chem. 91, 988-992

Snyder, G., Jerde, E., Taylor, L., Halliday, A., Sobolev, V. and Sobolev, N. (1993) Nd and Sr isotopes from diamondiferous eclogites, Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Siberia: evidence of differentiation in the early earth? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 118, 91-100

Sobolev, N. and Shatsky, V. (1990) Diamond inclusions in garnets from metamorphic rocks: a new environment for diamond formation Nature 343, 742-746

Sobolev, N., Galimov, E., Ivanovskaya, I. and Yefimova, E. (1979) Isotope composition of carbon of diamonds containing crystalline inclusions (translated from Russian) Dokl. Akad.. Nauk SSSR 249, 1217-1220

Sobolev, N. V., Yefimova, E. S. and Pospelova, L. N. (1981) Native iron in Yakutian diamonds and its paragenesis Geologika i Geofizica 12, 25-29

Solheim, L. and Petltier, W. (1992) Mantle phase transitions and layered convection Can. J. Earth Sci. 30, 881-892

Song, X. and Richards, P. (1996) Seismological evidence for differential rotation of the Earth's inner core Nature 382, 221-224

Speidel, D. (1966) Phase equilibria in the system MgO-FeO-Fe₂O₃: The 1300°C isothermal section and extrapolations to other temperatures Proc. 68th Annual Meeting Amer. Ceram. Soc. 48, B-66, 243-247

Spetsius, (1996) Trace elements in mafic and ultramafic xenoliths from kimberlies of Yakutia J. Conf. Abs. 1, 587

Spetzler, H. (1970) Equation of state of polycrystalline and single crystal MgO to 8 kbar and 800 K J. Geophys. Res. 75, 2073-2087

Spiliopoulos, S. and Stacey, F. (1984) The earth's thermal profile: Is there a mid-mantle thermal boundary layer? J. Geodynamics 1, 61-77

Srecec, I., Ender, A., Woermann, E., Gans, W., Jaconsson, E., Eriksson, G and Rosén, E. (1987) Activity-composition relations of the magnesiowüstite solid solution series in equilibrium with metallic iron in the temperature range 1050-1400 K Phys. Chem. Mineral. 14, 492498

Stacey, F. (1995) Theory of thermal and elastic properties of the lower mantle and core Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 89, 219-245

Stachel, T. and Harris, J. W. (1996) Syngenetic mineral inclusions in diamonds from Ghana-unique samples from the base of the peridotitic mantle lithosphere J. Conf. Abs. 1, 588

Stachel, T., Harris, J. W. and Cartigny, P. (1995) Diamonds and their syngenetic mineral inclusions from the Birimian deposits, Ghana, West-Africa Extended Abstracts of the 6th International Kimberlite Conference, UIGMM, Novosibirsk, 578-580

Steinbach, V. and Yuen, D. (1994) Melting instabilities in the transition zone Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 127, 67-75

Stephens, W. and Dawson, B. (1977) Statistical comparison between pyroxenes from kimberlites and their associated xenoliths J. Geol. 85, 433-449

Stevenson, D. J. (1981) Models of the earth’s core Science 214, 611-619

Stewart, D. N., Busse, F. H., Whaler, K. A. and Gubbins, D. (1995) Geomagnetism, earth rotation and the chemical conductivity of the lower mantle Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 92, 199-214

Storey, B. (1995) The role of mantle plumes in continental breakup: case histories from Gondwanaland Nature 377, 301-308

Storey B. C., Alabaster, T., Hole, M. J., Pankhurst, R. J. and Wever, H. E. (1992) Role of subduction-plate boundary forces during the initial stages of Gondwana break-up: evidence from the proto-Pacific margin of Antarctica Magmatism and the causes of continental break-up (Eds. Storey, B. C. et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., London) 68, 149

Strixude, L. and Cohen, R. (1993) Stability of orthorhombic MgSiO₃ perovskite in the Earth’s lower mantle Nature 364, 613-616

Sugiyama, M., Endo, S. and Koto, K. (1987) The crystal structure of stishovite under pressure to 6 GPa Miner. J. 13, 455-466

Sumino, Y. (1979) The elastic constants of Mn₂SiO₄, Fe₂SiO₄ and Co₂SiO₄ and elastic properties of the olivine group minerals at high temperature J. Phys. Earth 27, 209-238

Sumino, Y. and Anderson, O. (1984a) Elastic constants of minerals Handbook of Physical properties III (Ed.. Carmichael, CRC Press, Boca Raton)

Sumino, Y. and Anderson O. (1984b) Temperature coefficients of elastic constants of single crystal MgO between 80 and 1300 K Phys. Chem. Mineral. 9, 38-47

Sumino, Y., Kumazawa, M., Nishizawa, O. and Pluschkell, W. (1980) The elastic constants of single crystal Fe_1-xO, MnO and CoO and the elasticity of stoichiometric magnesiowüstite J. Phys. Earth 28, 475-495

Sumino, Y., Anderson, O. and Suzuki, I (1983) Temperature coefficients of elastic constants of single crystal MgO between 80 and 1300K Phys. Chem. Mineral. 9, 38-47

Sun, S-s. (1982) Chemical composition and origin of the earth's primitive mantle Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 179-192

Sun S-s. and McDonough W. F. (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes Magmatism in Ocean Basins (Eds. Saunders, A. D. and Norry, M. J.) Spec. Pub. Geol. Soc. 42, 313

Sutherland, D. (1993) The diamond deposits of the Mandala Basin, SE Guinea, West Africa Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Earth Sci. 84, 137-149

Sutton, S. R., Jones, K. W., Gordon, B., Rivers, M. L., Bajt, S. and Smith, J. V. (1993) Reduced chromium in olivine grains from lunar basalt 15555: X-Ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 461-468

Suzuki, A., Ohtani, E. and Kato, T. (1995) Flotation of diamond in mantle melt at high pressure Science 269, 216-218

Suzuki, I and Anderson, O. (1983) Elasticity and thermal expansion of a natural garnet up to 1000K J. Phys. Earth 31, 125-138

Suzuki, I., Ohtani, E. and Kumazawa, M. (1979) Thermal expansion of g -Mg₂SiO₄ J. Phys. Earth 27, 53-61

Suzuki, I., Seya, K., Takei, H. and Sumino, Y. (1981) Thermal expansion of fayalite, Fe₂SiO₄ Phys. Chem. Mineral. 7, 60-63

Svisero, D. P. (1995) Distribution and origin of diamonds in Brazil: an overview J. Geodynamics 20, 493-514

Syono, Y., Akimoto, S. and Matsui, Y. (1971) High pressure transformation in zinc silicates J. Solid State Chem. 3, 369-380

Takahashi, E. and Ito, E. (1987) Mineralogy of mantle peridotite along a model geotherm up to 700 km depth High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (Ed.. Manghnani, M. H. and Syono, Y. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 427-437

Takahashi, T. Bassett, W. and Mao, H-W (1966) Isothermal compression of the alloys of iron up to 300 kilobars at room temperature: iron-nickel alloys J. Geophys. Res. 73, 4717-4725

Takaoka, N. and Ozima, M. (1978) Rare gas isotopic compositions in diamonds Nature 271, 45-46

Tamai, H. and Yagi, T. (1989) High-pressure and high-temperature phase relations in CaSiO₃ and CaMgSi₂O₆ and elasticity of perovskite-type CaSiO₃ Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 54, 370-377

Tarduno, J. and Gee, J. (1995) Large-scale motion between Pacific and Atlantic hotspots Nature 378, 477-480

Tarrida, M. and Richet, P. (1989) Equation of state of CaSiO₃-perovskite to 96 GPa Geophys. Res. Lett. 16, 1351-1354

Taylor, L. A. and Neal, C. R. (1989) Eclogites with oceanic crustal and mantle signatures from the Bellsbank kimberlite, South Africa, Part I: mineralogy, petrology and whole rock chemistry J. Geol. 97, 551-567

Taylor, W. R., Tompkins, L. A. and Haggerty, S. E. (1994) Comparative geochemistry of West African kimberlites: Evidence for a micaceous kimberlite endmember of sublithospheric origin Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 4017-4037

Taylor, W. R., Bulanova, G. and Milledge, H. J. (1995a) Quantitative nitrogen aggregation study of some Yakutian diamonds: constraints on the growth, thermal and deformation history of peridotitic and eclogitic diamonds Extended Abstracts of the 6th International Kimberlite Conference, UIGMM, Novosibirsk, 608-610

Taylor, W. R., Kiviets, G., Gurney, J. J., Milledge, H. J., Woods, P. A. and Harte, B. (1995b) Growth history of an eclogitic diamond from the Kaal Vallei kimberlite, South Africa - an infrared, cathodoluminescence and carbon isotope study Extended Abstracts of the 6th International Kimberlite Conference, UIGMM, Novosibirsk, 617-619

Thompson, A. B. (1992) Water in the Earth’s upper mantle Nature 358, 295-302

Thompson, R. N. and Gibson, S. A. (1991) Subcontinental mantle plumes, hotspots and pre-existing thinspots J. Geol. Soc. London 148, 973-977

Thoraval, C., Machetel, P. and Cazenave, A. (1995) Locally layered convection inferred from dynamic models of the earth's mantle Nature 375, 777-780

Tolansky, S. (1973) Distribution of Type I and Type II in South African diamonds Diamond Research (1973): Supplement to The Industrial Diamond Review, 28-31

Tomioka, N. and Fujino, K. (1997) Natural (Mg,Fe)SiO₃-Ilmenite and -Perovskite in the Tenham meteorite Science 277, 1084-1086

Tompkins, L. (1992) Kimberlite structural environments and diamond productivity of Brazil Russian Geology and Geophysics 33, 91-98

Trønnes, R. G., Canil, D. and Wei, K. J. (1992) Element partitioning between silicate minerals and coexisting melts at pressures of 1-27 GPa and implications for mantle evolution Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 111, 241-255

Tsukida, Y. and Yagi, T. (1989) A new post-stishovite high pressure polymorph of silica Nature 340, 217-220

Urakawa, S. (1991) Partitioning of Ni between magnesiowüstite and metal at high pressure: implications for core-mantle equilibrium Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 105, 293-313

Urakawa, S., Kondo, T., Igawa, N., Shimomura, O. and Ohno, H. (1994) Synchrotron radiation study on the high-pressure and high-temperature phase relations of KAlSi₃O₈ Phys. Chem. Mineral. 21, 387-391

van der Hilst, R. (1995) Complex morphology of subducted lithosphere in the mantle beneath the Tonga trench Nature 374, 154-157

van der Hilst, R. and Seno, T. (1993) Effects of relative plate motion on the deep-structure and penetration depth of slabs below the Izu-Bonin and Mariana island arcs Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 120, 395-407

van Heerden, L. (1993) A nitrogen and carbon stable isotope study of some Western Australian diamonds Unpublished PhD thesis (The Open University, Milton Keynes)

van Heerden, L. A., Gurney, J. J. and Deines, P. (1995) The carbon isotopic composition of harzburgitic, lherzolitic, websteritic and eclogitic paragenesis diamonds from southern Africa: a comparison of genetic models S. Afr. J. Geol. 98, 119-125

van Vechten, J. A. (1973) Quantum dielectric theory of electronegativity in covalent systems III Pressure-temperature phase diagrams, heats of mixing and distribution coefficients Phys. Rev. B Cond. Matter 7, 1479-1494

Verchovsky, A., Ott, U. and Begemann, F. (1993) Implanted radiogenic and other noble gases in crustal diamonds from northern Kazakhstan Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 120, 87-102

Verhoogen, J. (1980) Energetics of the Earth National Academy of Sciences, Washington

Vinogradov, A., Vdovykin, G., Il, in-P. and Loseva, L (1968) Structure of diamond-graphite aggregates in meteorites (ureylites) in connection with their origin Geokhimiya 8, 891-905

Wakatsuki, M. and Takano, K. (1987) Suppression of spontaneous nucleation and seeded growth of diamond High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (Ed.. Manghnani, M. H. and Syono, Y. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 203-207

Wang, A. I., Wang, W. Y. and Zhang, A. D. (1991) Microstructural variations of a pyrope inclusion in diamond, as revealed by micro-Raman spectroscopic study Canad. Mineral. 29, 517-524

Wang, A., Dhamelincourt, P., Meyer, H. O. A., Guo, L. and Zhang, A. (1994) A carbon-rich multiphase inclusion in a Chinese diamond and its geochemical implications Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 117, 15-24

Wang, C-y (1972) Temperature in the Lower Mantle Geophys. J. Roy. Astronom. Soc. 27, 29-36

Wang, Y. B., Weidner, D. J., Liebermann, R. C., Liu, X., Ko, J., Vaughan, M. T., Zhao, Y., Yeganeh-Haeri, A. and Pacalo, R. E. (1991) Phase transformations and thermal expansion of MgSiO₃ perovskite Science 251, 410-413

Wang, Y. B., Gasparik, T. and Liebermann, R. C. (1993) Modulated microstructure in synthetic majorite Amer. Mineral. 78, 1165-1173

Wang, Y. B., Weidner, D. J., Liebermann, R. C. and Zhao, Y. (1994) P-V-T equation of state of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ perovskite: Constraints on the composition of the lower mantle Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 83, 13-40

Watanabe, H. Thermochemical properties of synthetic high-pressure compounds relevant to the earth's mantle High-Pressure Research in Geophysics (Eds. Syono, Y. and Manghnani, M. H. Centre for Academic Publishing, Tokyo) 411-464

Watson, E. and Green, T. (1981) Apatite / liquid partition coefficients for the rare earth elements and strontium Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 56, 405-421

Watt, G., Harris, J., Harte, B., and Boyd, S. (1994) A high-chromium corundum (ruby) inclusion in diamond from the São Luiz alluvial mine, Brazil Mineral. Mag. 58, 490-492

Waychunas, G., Dollase, W. and Ross, C. (1994) Short-range order measurements in Mg)-FeO and MgO-LiFeO₂ solid solutions by DLS simulation-assisted EXAFS analysis Amer. Mineral. 79, 274-288

Webb, S. (1989) The elasticity of the upper mantle orthosilicates olivine and garnet to 3 GPa Phys. Chem. Mineral. 16, 684-692

Wedlake, R. J. (1974) The three allotropes of carbon Diamond Res. 1974, 2-6

Weidner D. and Carleton, H. (1977) Elasticity of coesite J. Geophys. Res. 82, 1334-1346

Weidner, D. and Ito, E. (1985) Elasticity of MgSiO₃ in the ilmenite phase Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 40, 65-70

Weidner, D., Wang, H. and Ito, J. (1977) Elasticity of enstatite (abstract) EOS Trans. AGU 58, T-15 491

Weidner, D. J., Bass, J. D., Ringwood A. E. and Sinclair, W. (1982) The single crystal elastic moduli of stishovite J. Geophys. Res. 87, 4740-4746

Weidner, D. J., Sawamoto, H., Sasaki, S. and Kumazawa, M. (1984) Single crystal elastic properties of the spinel phase of Mg₂SiO₄ J. Geophys. Res. 89, 7852-7860

Weidner, D. J., Wang, Y. B. and Vaughan, M. T. (1994) Strength of diamond Science 266, 419-422

Wentzcovitch, R. M., Ross, N. L. and Price D. G. (1995) Ab initio study of MgSiO₃ and CaSiO₃ perovskites at lower-mantle pressures Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 90, 101-112

Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F. (1995) The Generic Mapping Tools - GMT - Technical Reference and Cookbook School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii at Manoa

Wetherill, G. (1994) Provenance of the terrestrial planets Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 4513-4520

White, R and McKenzie, D. (1989) Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins J. Geophys. Res. 94, 7685-7729

Whitehead, J. A. and Luther, D. S. (1975) Dynamics of laboratory fluid and plume models J. Geophys. Res. 80, 705-717

Wiens, D. A., Mcguire, D. J., Shore, P. J., Bevis, M. G., Draunidalo, K., Prasad, M. G. and Helu, S. P. (1994) A deep earthquake aftershock sequence and implications for the rupture mechanism of deep earthquakes Nature 372, 540-543

Wiens, R. C., Lal, D., Rison, W. and Wacker, J. F. (1994) Helium isotope diffusion in natural diamonds Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 1747-1757

Wilding, M. (1991) Untitled PhD Thesis of University of Edinburgh, U. K.

Wilding M. C., Harte, B. and Harris, J. W. (1991) Evidence for a deep origin for São Luiz diamonds Extended abstracts of the fifth international kimberlite conference, Brazil, (1991) CPRM, Rio de Janeiro 456-458

Wilks, J. and Wilks, E. (1991) Properties and applications of diamond Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford

Williams, Q., Jeanloz, R., Bass, J., Svendsen, B. and Ahrens, T. J. (1987) The melting curve of iron to 250 gigapascals - a constraint on the temperature at earth’s centre Science 236, 181-182

Winkler, B., Milman, V. and Payne, M. C. (1995) Ab initio total energy studies of minerals using density functional theory and the local density approximation Mineral. Mag. 59, 589-596

Wolf, G. and Bukowinski, M. (1987), Theoretical study of the structural properties and equations of state of MgSiO₃ and CaSiO₃ perovskites: implications for lower mantle composition High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics (Ed.. Manghnani, M. H. and Syono, Y. TERRAPUB, Tokyo) 313-331

Wolf, G. and Jeanloz, R. (1985) Lattice dynamics and structural distortion of CaSiO₃ and MgSiO3 perovskites Geophys. Res. Lett. 12, 413-416

Wood, B. (1993) Carbon in the core Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 117, 593-607

Woodland, A. and O'Neill, H. (1993) Synthesis and stability of Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺Si₃O₁₂ garnet and phase relations with Fe₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂-Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺Si₃O₁₂ solutions Amer. Mineral. 78, 1002-1015

Woods, G. S. (1985) Platelets and infrared absorption in type Ia diamonds Diamond Conference Abstracts 1985, Reading (Unpublished) 95-102

Woods, G. S. and Collins, A. T. (1983) Infrared-absorption spectra of hydrogen complexes in type-1 diamonds J. Phys. Chem. Solids 44, 471-475

Wyckoff, R. W. G. (1963) Crystal structures Wiley, New York

Wyllie, P. (1980) The origin of kimberlite J. Geophys. Res. 85, B12, 6902-6910

Wyllie, P. J. (1989) The genesis of kimberlites and some low SiO₂, high-alkali magmas Kimberlites and Related Rocks Vol. 2 (Eds. Ross, J. et al., Blackwell Science Publications, Carlton) 603-615

Wysession, M. (1996) Large-scale structure at the core-mantle boundary from diffracted waves Nature 382, 244-248

Xie, Q. and Kerrich, R. (1994) Silicate-perovskite and majorite signature komatiites from the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt: Implications for early mantle differentiation and stratification J. Geophys. Res. 99 B8, 15799-15812

Yagi, A., Suzuki, T. and Akaogi, M. (1994) High pressure transitions in the system KAlSi₃O₈-NaAlSi₃O₈ Phys. Chem. Mineral. 21, 12-17

Yagi, T. and Akimoto, S. (1976) Direct determination of coesite-stishovite transition by in-situ X-Ray measurements Tectonophys. 35, 259-270

Yagi, T., Marumo, F. and Akimoto, S. (1974) Crystal structures of spinel polymorphs of Fe₂SiO₄ and Ni₂SiO₄ Amer. Mineral. 59, 486-490

Yagi, T., Mao, H-k. and Bell, P. M. (1978) Structure and chemistry of perovskite-type MgSiO₃ Phys. Chem. Mineral. 3, 97-110

Yagi, T., Mao, H. K. and Bell, P. M. (1979a) Lattice parameters and specific volume for the perovskite phase of orthopyroxene composition, (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book 77, 612-613

Yagi, T., Mao, H. K. and Bell, P. M. (1979b) Hydrostatic compression of MgSiO₃ of perovskite structure Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book 78, 613-614

Yagi, T., Bell, P. and Mao. H. (1979c) Phase relations in the system MgO-FeO-SiO₂ between 150 and 700 kbar at 1000°C Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book 78, 614-618

Yagi, T., Mao, H-k. and Bell, P. M. (1982) Hydrostatic compression of perovskite-type MgSiO₃ Advances in Physical Geochemistry (Ed.. Saxena, S. K., Springer, Berlin) 317-325

Yagi, T., Suzuki, T. and Akimoto, S. (1985) Static compression of wüstite (Fe_0.98O) to 120 GPa J. Geophys. Res. 90, 8784-8788

Yagi, T., Kusanagi, S., Tsuchida, Y. and Fukai, Y. (1989) Isothermal compression and stability of perovskite-type CaSiO₃ Proc. Japanese Academic Service B65, 129-132

Yagi, T., Uchiyama, Y., Akaogi, M. and Ito, E. (1992) Isothermal decompression curve of MgSiO₃ tetragonal garnet Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 74, 1-7

Yagi, T., Kondo, T. and O’Neill, B. (1996) Phase transformations of pyrope under lower mantle conditions and the crystal chemistry of Al-containing silicate perovskite EMPG-VI Abs. Suppl. 1 to TERRA Nova 8, 69

Yamaoka, F., Kanda, H. and Setaka, N. (1980) Etching of diamond octahedra at high temperatures and pressures with controlled oxygen partial pressure J. Materials Sci. 15, 332-334

Yang, H. and Ghose, S. (1994) Thermal expansion, Debye temperature and Grüneisen parameter of synthetic (Fe,Mg)SiO₃ orthopyroxenes Phys. Chem. Mineral. 20, 575-586

Yang, H. and Ghose, S. (1995) A transitional structural state and anomalous Fe-Mg order-disorder in Mg-rich orthopyroxene, (Mg_0.75Fe_0.25)₂Si₂O₆ Amer. Mineral. 80, 9-20

Yeganeh-Haeri, A. and Weidner, D. J. (1989) Elasticity of MgSiO₃ in the perovskite structure Science 243, 787-789

Yeganeh-Haeri, A., Weidner, D. J. and Ito, E. (1989) Single-crystal elastic moduli of magnesium metasilicate perovskite Perovskite: a structure of great interest to Geophysics and materials science (Eds. Navrotsky, A. and Weidner, D., American Geophysical Union, Washington) 45, 13-23

Yeganeh-Haeri, A., Weidner, D. J. and Ito, E. (1990) Elastic properties of the pyrope-majorite solid solution series Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 2453-2456

Yoneda, A. (1990) Pressure derivatives of elastic constants of single crystal MgO and MgAl₂O₄ J. Phys. Earth 38, 19-55

Yoo, C. S., Holmes, N. C., Ross, M., Webb, D. J. and Pike, C. (1993) Shock temperatures and melting of iron at earth core conditions Phys. Rev. Letters 70, 3931-3934

Young, T. E., Green, H. W., Hofmeister, A. M. and Walker, D. (1993) Infrared spectroscopic investigation of hydroxyl in b -(Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ and coexisting olivine: implications for mantle evolution and dynamics Phys. Chem. Mineral. 19, 409-422

Yusa, H., Yagi, T. and Shimobayashi, N. (1995) A new unquenchable high-pressure polymorph of Ca₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ Phys. Earth Planetary Interiors 92, 25-31

Zashu, S. and Hiyagon, H. (1995) Degassing mechanisms of noble gases from carbonado diamonds Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 1321-1328

Zerr, A. and Boehler, R. (1994) Constraints on the melting temperature of the lower mantle from high pressure experiments on MgO and magnesiowüstite Nature 371, 506-508

Zhang, Y. and Zindler, A. (1993) Distribution and evolution of carbon and nitrogen in earth Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 117, 331-345

Zhao, J. X. and McCulloch, M. T. (1993) Melting of a subduction-modified continental lithosphere mantle - evidence from late Proterozoic mafic dike swarms in central Australia Geology 21, 463-466

Zhao, Y. S., Weidner, D. J., Ko, J. D., Leinenweber, K., Liu, X., Li, B. S., Meng, Y., Pacalo, R. E. G., Vaughan, M. T., Wang, Y. B. and Yeganeh-Haeri, A. (1994) Perovskite at high P-T conditions: An in-situ synchrotron X-Ray diffraction study of NaMgF₃ perovskite J. Geophys. Res. 99, 2871-2885

Zheng, Y-F. (1996) Oxygen isotope layering of the mantle as deduced from isotopic partitioning in mantle minerals J. Conf. Abs. 1, 695

Zhu, H., Newton, R. C. and Kleppa, O. J. (1994) Enthalpy of formation of wollastonite (CaSiO₃) and anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈) by experimental phase equilibrium measurements and high-pressure solution calorimetry Amer. Mineral. 79, 134-144